Quranic root
وقد
w · q · d
The root centers on the kindling and blazing of fire.
From the basic notion of fire burning or becoming ablaze, the lexicon develops causative ignition, fuel, the fire itself, intense heat, and figurative extensions involving brightness, ardor, war, and mental sharpness. These root-level developments should not be assumed to be meanings of every derived Quranic form.
- Maqāyīs · row 5182
- Mufradāt · row 1601
- 4
- Quran-attested forms
- 6
- Quran senses
- 11
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
أَوْقَدَ
ʾawqada
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form IV
- Form
- IV
- Quran occurrences
- 5 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To kindle or light a fire; to cause it to burn, blaze, or burn intensely.
A transitive causative use, including raising or sustaining a fire with fuel. It also covers passive and contextually translated instances referring to something being lit.
- Lane · entry 45577
- Mufradāt · row 1601
Selected Quran examples
Quran 13:17word 13
“they heat”
Quran 24:35word 17
“(which) is lit”
To kindle or stir up war or a destructive conflict.
A figurative construction with fire imagery, as in kindling a fire for war; the expression can refer to contriving a mischievous or deceitful plot that is then annulled.
- Lane · entry 45577
- Mufradāt · row 1601
Selected Quran examples
Quran 5:64word 35
“they kindled”
اِسْتَوْقَدَ
āistawqada
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form X
- Form
- X
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To set about, undertake, or prepare to kindle a fire.
The Form X use indicates undertaking or becoming ready for the act of kindling, rather than simply stating the completed causative ignition.
- Lane · entry 45577
- Mufradāt · row 1601
Selected Quran examples
Quran 2:17word 4
“kindled”
مُوقَد
mūqad
- Part of speech
- Passive participle
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Kindled, lit, or made to burn.
A passive participle used adjectivally; in the Quranic occurrence it describes the fire as continually kindled.
- Mufradāt · row 1601
- Lane · entry 45577
Selected Quran examples
Quran 104:6word 3
“kindled”
وَقُود
waqūd
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 4 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Fuel or firewood: material used to kindle or sustain a fire.
In the Quran, it may be specified as people and stones or otherwise as the fuel belonging to a fire.
- Lane · entry 45584
- Mufradāt · row 1601
Selected Quran examples
Quran 2:24word 9
“[its] fuel”
The burning or blazing action of fire, and the flame produced by it.
In the expression النار ذات الوقود at 85:5, the word is explicitly interpreted as a verbal noun referring to the fire's burning; the lexical tradition also records the related result, its flame or blaze.
- Lane · entry 45584
- Mufradāt · row 1601
Selected Quran examples
Quran 85:5word 3
“(of) the fuel”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 2:17ٱسْتَوْقَدَkindled
- 2:24وَقُودُهَا[its] fuel
- 3:10وَقُودُ(the) fuel
- 5:64أَوْقَدُوا۟they kindled
- 13:17يُوقِدُونَthey heat
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 18 Classical meanings
وَقَدَ
Of a fire: to burn, burn up, blaze, or flame.
An intransitive Form I use, said of fire itself.
- Lane · entry 45575
وَقَدَ
To aid or help someone.
A figurative idiom in the expression وَقَدَتْ بِكَ زِنَادِي, literally invoking a fire-producing firestick through someone’s agency.
- Lane · entry 45575
وَقَدَ
To shine or glisten.
Said of anything that displays brightness or a gleam.
- Lane · entry 45575
وَقَدَ
Of the heart: to become excited with ardor or eagerness.
A figurative use describing inward animation or enthusiasm.
- Lane · entry 45575
وَقَدَ
To become clever, ingenious, acute, sharp, or penetrating.
A figurative Form I use applied to a person’s intellectual acuity.
- Lane · entry 45575
أَوْقَدَ
To relinquish silly, youthful, or frivolous conduct.
An idiomatic figurative use in أَوْقَدَ لِلصِّبَا نَارًا, literally ‘kindled a fire for youth.’
- Lane · entry 45577
أَوْقَدَ
Not to bring someone back or restore him.
A traditional idiom involving lighting a fire behind a person whose departure was feared, expressing a wish that his evil not return.
- Lane · entry 45577
تَوَقَّدَ
Of perfume or its odor: to become hot or strong.
A figurative intensification applied to the effect or strength of an odor.
- Lane · entry 45578
اِتَّقَدَ
Of the sun: to become burning or fiercely hot.
A Form VIII use describing intensified heat.
- Lane · entry 45579
وَقَد
Fire itself.
A noun naming the fire rather than its fuel or the act of burning.
- Lane · entry 45581
وَقْدَة
The greatest heat or hottest period.
Especially وَقْدَةُ الصَّيْفِ, the peak heat of summer; the period is described as lasting ten days or half a month.
- Lane · entry 45582
وَقَدَى
Shining or glistening.
A feminine lexical form with the meaning of brightness or sheen.
- Lane · entry 45583
وَقَّاد
Shining brightly.
Applied especially to a star.
- Lane · entry 45585
وَقَّاد
Ardent, lively, acute, or penetrating in mind.
Applied to a heart or mind that is quickly excited with ardor and displays liveliness or acuity.
- Lane · entry 45585
وَقَّاد
Clever, ingenious, acute, sharp, or penetrating.
Applied to a person as a characterization of intellectual sharpness.
- Lane · entry 45585
الوَاقِدَيْنِ
The two eyes.
A rare reading or interpretation in the expression غَائِرُ الوَاقِدَيْنِ, ‘blind’; the commonly known wording is reported as الوَافِدَيْنِ.
- Lane · entry 45586
مَوْقِد
A fireplace or fire-place: a place in which fire is lit.
A noun for the location or receptacle of a fire.
- Lane · entry 45587
مِيقَاد
A fire-producing firestick or fire-drill.
Used of a زَنْد that quickly produces fire.
- Lane · entry 45589
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
At 85:5, وَقُود is explicitly treated in the lexical evidence as a verbal noun meaning the burning or blazing of fire, although another reading and the usual contextual translation present it as fuel.
The interpretation of الوَاقِدَيْنِ as ‘the two eyes’ is a rare reading in a Classical idiom; the commonly reported wording is الوَافِدَيْنِ.