Quranic root
فرط
f · r · ṭ
The root centers on moving something out of its proper position: putting it ahead, beyond its due place, or leaving it short of its proper measure.
From this orientation develop meanings of precedence and hastening, excess and overflow, and conversely neglect or falling short. It also yields terms for those who go ahead, water reached first, advance markers, and a reward prepared in advance.
- Maqāyīs · row 3566
- 4
- Quran-attested forms
- 6
- Quran senses
- 8
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
فَرَطَ
faraṭa
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form I
- Form
- I
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To hasten ahead against someone; to act precipitately toward him.
In the Quranic construction فَرَطَ عَلَيْنَا, the action is understood as advancing against the addressees hastily, with injustice, harm, or threatened punishment. The broader idea of preceding is the lexical background, while the attested construction emphasizes hostile haste.
- Lane · entry 33871
- Mufradāt · row 1104
Selected Quran examples
Quran 20:45word 6
“he will hasten”
فَرَّطَ
farraṭa
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form II
- Form
- II
- Quran occurrences
- 5 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To neglect, fail in, or leave undone what one ought to do; to let a matter slip.
Used especially with فِي for falling short regarding a matter, duty, or person. Quranic applications include neglecting what is recorded in the Book, failing regarding Joseph, and neglecting one's duty toward God.
- Lane · entry 33872
- Mufradāt · row 1104
Selected Quran examples
فُرُطٌ
furuṭun
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Excess, extravagance, or transgression beyond due bounds.
In وَكَانَ أَمْرُهُ فُرُطًا, the expression characterizes an affair as exceeding the proper measure and, in some interpretations, as involving wrongdoing or transgression.
- Lane · entry 33881
- Mufradāt · row 1104
Selected Quran examples
Quran 18:28word 30
“(in) excess”
Neglect, waste, or disregard through failure to give a matter its due.
In the same Quranic expression, the word is also interpreted as an affair marked by neglected obedience, failure, or waste. This is a Quran-specific interpretation, not a general replacement for the sense of excess.
- Lane · entry 33881
- Mufradāt · row 1104
Selected Quran examples
Quran 18:28word 30
“(in) excess”
مُفْرَطٌ
mufraṭun
- Part of speech
- Passive participle
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Sent ahead or dispatched first; hastened onward.
In the Quranic description of those destined for the Fire, the form is interpreted as being sent or hastened there first.
- Lane · entry 33888
Selected Quran examples
Quran 16:62word 17
“(will) be abandoned”
Left, forgotten, or abandoned.
The Quranic expression is also interpreted as leaving them in the Fire, forgotten or abandoned there. Other Quranic readings with different vocalization are not merged into this QAC form.
- Lane · entry 33888
Selected Quran examples
Quran 16:62word 17
“(will) be abandoned”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 6:31فَرَّطْنَاwe neglected
- 6:38فَرَّطْنَاWe have neglected
- 6:61يُفَرِّطُونَfail
- 12:80فَرَّطتُمْyou failed
- 16:62مُّفْرَطُونَ(will) be abandoned
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 51 Classical meanings
فَرَطَ
To precede, go before, or have priority and precedence.
A general Form I use for a person or thing that gets ahead of others.
- Lane · entry 33871
فَرَطَ
To go ahead of a company to the water and prepare the ropes, buckets, and watering place for them.
A conventional use for the person who goes in advance to make watering arrangements.
- Lane · entry 33871
فَرَطٌ
To go beyond the proper mean or fall short of it.
Used in describing a position or conduct that is neither excessive nor deficient when negated; this is a lexical expression distinct from the Quranic noun فُرُطٌ.
- Lane · entry 33871
فَرَطَ
For speech or an action to proceed hastily, before reflection or without premeditation.
Used of words, sayings, and actions that get ahead of deliberation.
- Lane · entry 33871
- Lane · entry 33873
فَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ
To act hastily and unjustly toward someone; to do something harmful, disagreeable, or abusive to him; to revile him.
A hostile transitive construction. It is broader as a Classical use than the specifically Quran-attested construction listed under فَرَطَ.
- Lane · entry 33871
فَرَطَتِ النَّخْلَةُ
For a palm tree to be left unpollinated until its spadix becomes dry and hard.
A specialized agricultural use.
- Lane · entry 33871
فَرَطَتِ البِئْرُ
For a well to be left until its water collects again.
A specialized use concerning the recovery of water in a well.
- Lane · entry 33871
فَرَّطَ
To make someone or something precede; to send or put it forward.
Includes sending a person ahead or in advance.
- Lane · entry 33872
فَرَّطَ
To embolden someone in contention or altercation.
A specialized causative use.
- Lane · entry 33872
فَرَّطَ
To send ahead while remaining behind; to leave, forsake, or abandon; to forget.
The object may be a person, thing, or affair. This Classical branch includes leaving something behind and allowing it to escape one's attention.
- Lane · entry 33872
فَرَّطَ
To leave someone for a while or grant him delay and respite.
Used of deliberately allowing someone or something to remain for a period.
- Lane · entry 33872
فَرَّطَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ
To put away, remove, or avert from someone what he dislikes.
A relatively uncommon prepositional expression.
- Lane · entry 33872
فَرَّطَ
To praise someone immoderately.
A rare lexical use, reported as distinct from the more common neglect and forwarding senses.
- Lane · entry 33872
فَارَطَ
To vie or strive with others to precede, outgo, or outstrip them.
A reciprocal or competitive use of getting ahead.
- Lane · entry 33873
فَارَطَ
To find or come upon someone.
A specialized synonymic use, distinct from competing to precede.
- Lane · entry 33873
أَفْرَطَ
To have a child or children precede one in death.
Used when young children die before their parent, conceived as going ahead to the afterlife; it may also describe losing a child in early death.
- Lane · entry 33874
أَفْرَطَ
To hasten, make something hasten, or advance before waiting.
Used of a person, a hand reaching quickly for a sword, an affair, or a cloud bringing rain early.
- Lane · entry 33874
أَفْرَطَ
To exceed the due bounds; to act extravagantly or immoderately.
Used with an affair, love, hatred, praise, speech, or conduct, and also of doing more than one was commanded.
- Lane · entry 33874
أَفْرَطَ عَلَيْهِ
To load someone or an animal beyond what he or it can bear.
A causative use involving excessive burden.
- Lane · entry 33874
أَفْرَطَ
To fill a water-skin, vessel, or watering-trough until the water flows over; to pour in abundant water.
The overflowing result is part of the conventional use.
- Lane · entry 33874
أَفْرَطَ النَّخْلَةَ
To leave a palm tree unpollinated until its spadix becomes dry and hard.
A specialized agricultural causative use.
- Lane · entry 33874
تَفَرَّطَ
For a horse to outgo or get before other horses.
A Form V use describing a horse's advance over its competitors.
- Lane · entry 33875
تَفَارَطَ
To vie or strive with one another to precede or outstrip.
A reciprocal Form VI use; it may also simply mean to precede and make haste.
- Lane · entry 33876
تَفَارَطَتْهُ
For anxieties, affairs, or events to come upon someone successively, as though competing to be first.
A figurative use concerning repeated or successive occurrences at indefinite times.
- Lane · entry 33876
تَفَارَطَ
For the time of something to pass, become delayed, or be missed.
Used especially of a prayer whose time has passed, and of a desired matter that was not attained in time.
- Lane · entry 33876
اِفْتَرَطَ
To be beyond being caught or to remain from passing away, of beneficence and kindness.
A fixed or highly idiomatic expression concerning benefits that remain available and do not become lost.
- Lane · entry 33877
فَرْطٌ
Excess, extravagance, exorbitance, or an exceeding degree.
A nominal expression for exceeding due bounds, distinct in form from the Quranic فُرُطٌ.
- Lane · entry 33878
فَرْطٌ
Mastery, ascendency, prevalence, or predominance.
Used, for example, of the overpowering force of desire or grief.
- Lane · entry 33878
فَرْطٌ
A time or indefinite period; a while.
In expressions such as meeting someone time after time or after a day or two; detailed temporal intervals vary by report.
- Lane · entry 33878
فَرْطٌ
A small mountain or the head of an eminence.
A geographical noun.
- Lane · entry 33878
فَرْطٌ
An erect way-mark or object set up to guide travelers.
Its plural is used for the foremost landmarks of a desert.
- Lane · entry 33878
فَرَطٌ
A person, or a group of people, who goes ahead to the water to prepare it for others.
A noun on the فَعَلٌ pattern functioning like an active participle; it may refer to the water-seeker and preparer.
- Lane · entry 33880
فَرَطٌ
A child who dies before reaching puberty.
A figurative extension of the child who has preceded the parent; the form may be singular or collective in this use.
- Lane · entry 33880
فَرَطٌ
A reward or recompense prepared in advance, and an act prepared in the same way.
Especially used in prayers for a child who has died, understood as a reward sent ahead for the parents.
- Lane · entry 33880
فَرَطٌ
Water reached in advance of other available water.
A figurative extension of precedence in arrival.
- Lane · entry 33880
فَرَطٌ
An early sign or first foretoken of daybreak.
Usually occurring in the plural expression أَفْرَاطُ الصُّبْحِ or أَفْرَاطُ الصَّبَاحِ.
- Lane · entry 33880
فَرَطٌ
Haste.
A concise nominal use distinct from the more specific person and water senses.
- Lane · entry 33880
فُرُطٌ
A swift horse that precedes, outgoes, or outstrips other horses.
A plural form of the same lexical family is also used in related precedence expressions.
- Lane · entry 33881
فُرُطٌ
An eminence resembling a mountain, or the base of a mountain.
A geographical noun, distinct from the Quranic abstract use in وَكَانَ أَمْرُهُ فُرُطًا.
- Lane · entry 33881
فَرْطَةٌ
A single act of going forth or preceding.
A noun of single occurrence; it may also be used for an act of going out into a region.
- Lane · entry 33882
فَرْطَةٌ
A hasty or unpremeditated saying or action; forwardness and transgression.
Includes the expression for asking forgiveness for one's hasty acts, and a specialized use concerning religious overstepping.
- Lane · entry 33882
فُرْطَةٌ
Going forth, preceding, or making repeated journeys.
Used of a person who travels frequently or goes out repeatedly into the country.
- Lane · entry 33883
فَرَطِيٌّ
Untractable, refractory, stubborn, or not readily made submissive.
Applied to a camel or a man; the variant vocalization is also recorded.
- Lane · entry 33884
فِرَاطٌ
Water that belongs to whoever among several groups reaches it first.
Used of common water or a well where the first arriving party waters its animals without being crowded by the others.
- Lane · entry 33885
فَارِطٌ
One who precedes or goes before; a foremost member of a group.
Includes foremost sand-grouse that go first to a valley or water.
- Lane · entry 33887
فَارِطٌ
One who goes ahead to dig a grave.
A specialized occupational or funerary use.
- Lane · entry 33887
الفَارِطَانِ
Two stars that precede the stars of Banāt Naʿsh.
A figurative astronomical designation based on the idea of going ahead of a company.
- Lane · entry 33887
مُفْرَطٌ
Filled or full, especially of a pool left by a torrent.
A Classical adjectival use distinct from the Quranic passive-participial interpretation.
- Lane · entry 33888
مُفْرِطٌ
Exceeding due bounds; extravagant or excessive.
Applied to a person or to anything that exceeds a proper degree.
- Lane · entry 33889
مَفَارِطٌ
The extremities or outermost parts of a country or similar region.
A plural geographical noun.
- Lane · entry 33891
مُفْتَرِطٌ
Foremost in striving for eminence; possessing precedence in emulation.
Used in a laudatory expression about a person's pursuit of high rank.
- Lane · entry 33892
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The interpretation of مُفْرَطُونَ in 16:62 has multiple transmitted explanations: being sent ahead, or being left or forgotten in the Fire. The displayed form is the QAC passive-participial form; related alternate Quranic readings are not treated as additional senses of this form.