Quranic root
رين
r · y · n
A covering or overlay that obscures what lies beneath.
The root develops from physical covering, rust, and soiling to the obscuring or blackening of the heart, and further to states of being overcome, overwhelmed, or beset.
- Maqāyīs · row 2205
- Lane · entry 25177
- Mufradāt · row 605
- 1
- Quran-attested forms
- 1
- Quran senses
- 1
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
رَانَ
rāna
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form I
- Form
- I
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To cover or overcome the heart so that its clarity and discernment become obscured, like a layer of rust.
In the Quranic construction رَانَ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ, the covering is attributed to what people have been earning; it is explained as accumulated wrongdoing producing a rust-like covering or blackness that prevents recognition of good and evil.
- Lane · entry 25177
- Mufradāt · row 605
Selected Quran examples
Quran 83:14word 3
“(the) stain has covered”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 83:14رَانَ(the) stain has covered
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 9 Classical meanings
رَانَ
To become rusty or covered with rust; hence, of cloth or a garment, to become dirty, filthy, or soiled.
A physical coating or soiling use of the Form I verb.
- Lane · entry 25177
رَانَ
Of the soul or stomach, to become heavy, agitated, or nauseated, with a tendency to vomit.
Used in the construction رَانَتْ نَفْسَهُ and related expressions.
- Lane · entry 25177
رَانَ
To cover, overcome, overpower, or overwhelm a thing or person; to be beset by circumstances from which one cannot escape or cope, including debt, grief, wine, drowsiness, anxiety, or death.
Occurs with عَلَى, بِـ, or a direct object. The Quranic heart-and-wrongdoing construction is treated separately above.
- Lane · entry 25177
أَرَانَ
Of a people, for their cattle to perish or die, or to become lean and emaciated.
A Form IV usage describing cattle overwhelmed by an event or loss.
- Lane · entry 25178
رَانٌ
A kind of legging resembling a boot but longer and without a foot, traditionally described as cloth stuffed with cotton and worn beneath a boot in cold weather.
Reported as an Arabicized Persian loan and explicitly characterized as not a genuine Arabic word.
- Lane · entry 25179
رَيْنٌ
Rust or a coating that overspreads a sword, mirror, or other polished thing; also dirt, filth, pollution, or a covering, including the corresponding blackness or covering of the heart.
A noun for a physical layer or its figurative effect on the heart.
- Lane · entry 25180
رَيْنَةٌ
A kind of wine.
The name is explained by its overpowering the reason.
- Lane · entry 25181
مَرِينٌ
Beset or encompassed.
Used predicatively of a person who is surrounded or overtaken by something.
- Lane · entry 25182
مُرِينُونَ
People whose cattle have perished or died, or whose cattle have become lean and emaciated.
A plural designation for people afflicted by the loss or wasting of their cattle.
- Lane · entry 25183