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Quranic root

طمم

ṭ · m · m

The root centers on covering or filling one thing with another until it is level with it, and extends to overwhelming, rising over, or predominating.

From covering and leveling a well or other object, the lexicon develops usages for the sea, abundant or overpowering events, and the supreme overwhelming event; hair-cutting is related through leveling, while mounting and rising are reported extensions.

  • Maqāyīs · row 3056
1
Quran-attested forms
2
Quran senses
1
Quran occurrences

Forms in the Quran

The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.

طَامَّةٌ

ṭāmmahun

Part of speech
Noun
Quran occurrences
1 occurrence

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. An overwhelming calamity or event, one that surpasses and overcomes others.

    A feminine noun derived from the sense of prevailing or overtaking; the Quranic occurrence is the definite expression الطَّامَّةُ الْكُبْرَى.

    • Lane · entry 11693
    • Mufradāt · row 910
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 79:34word 3

    the Overwhelming Calamity

  2. The Resurrection, the supreme overwhelming event.

    A Quran-specific designation in الطَّامَّةُ الْكُبْرَى; it is so called because it surpasses and predominates over everything.

    • Lane · entry 11693
    • Mufradāt · row 910
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 79:34word 3

    the Overwhelming Calamity

Occurrences in the Quran

Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.

  • 79:34ٱلطَّآمَّةُthe Overwhelming Calamity
View all 1 occurrences

Broader Classical Arabic meanings

Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.

Show 41 Classical meanings
  • طَمَّ

    Of water or a torrent: to become abundant, rise high, and predominate.

    Used of water, a valley torrent, or a watercourse; the associated result may be that the torrent overwhelms its channel.

    • Lane · entry 11680
  • طَمَّ

    To fill, choke, or cover something so that it becomes level with the surrounding ground; to fill a vessel to overflowing.

    Especially used of filling a well or other hollow with earth or dust, covering an object with earth, or filling a vessel until its contents overflow.

    • Lane · entry 11680
  • طَمَّ

    Of an affair, event, sedition, or calamity: to rise to prominence, prevail, become vehement, or become formidable.

    A figurative extension of rising and predominating; it may describe an evil exceeding its ordinary limit or an event that overcomes others.

    • Lane · entry 11680
  • طَمَّ

    To mount or leap upon.

    Used of a stallion mounting a mare and of a bird alighting or mounting on the top of a tree.

    • Lane · entry 11680
  • طَمَّ

    To move swiftly or run easily; to go forth across the earth.

    Used of a man or horse and of easy, rapid running.

    • Lane · entry 11680
  • طَمَّ

    To trim or cut hair, including cutting it off entirely.

    Used transitively with the hair or head; the amount removed may range from part of the hair to all of it.

    • Lane · entry 11680
  • طَمَّ

    To plait or twist hair.

    A distinct hair-grooming usage from cutting or trimming.

    • Lane · entry 11680
    • Lane · entry 11703
  • طَمَّمَ

    To alight upon a branch.

    A Form II usage applied to a bird.

    • Lane · entry 11681
  • اِطَمَّ

    Of hair: to reach or approach the time when it should be cut.

    The Form IV expression describes hair as having grown to the point of needing cutting.

    • Lane · entry 11682
  • اِنْطَمَّ

    Of a rivulet, well, or similar depression: to become filled with earth or dust until level with the surrounding ground.

    A Form VII intransitive resultative construction.

    • Lane · entry 11683
  • طَمْطَمَ

    To swim in the midst of the sea.

    A reduplicated Form I usage.

    • Lane · entry 11685
  • طَمْطَمَ

    Of the sea: to become full.

    A separate reported application of the reduplicated form to the sea itself.

    • Lane · entry 11685
  • طَمْطَمَ

    To have an impediment or barbarousness in speech, so that one does not speak clearly or correctly.

    A speech-related usage of the reduplicated form; the statement concerns defective or indistinct utterance.

    • Lane · entry 11685
  • طِمٌّ

    The sea.

    The noun is explained as referring to the sea because it overwhelms what is in it.

    • Lane · entry 11687
  • طِمٌّ

    Water, especially abundant water; also the rubbish, scum, or similar material floating on or driven along by water.

    The water and surface-debris applications are reported as related uses of the noun.

    • Lane · entry 11687
  • طِمٌّ

    A large number or multitude.

    A nominal extension illustrated in the expression الطِّمِّ وَالرِّمِّ.

    • Lane · entry 11687
  • طِمٌّ

    A wonderful or extraordinary thing.

    A reported nominal meaning, synonymous with something astonishing or remarkable.

    • Lane · entry 11687
  • طِمٌّ

    A male ostrich.

    The designation is associated in the source with the bird’s lightness of pace.

    • Lane · entry 11687
  • طِمٌّ

    A courser or swift horse.

    The noun is associated either with quick, easy running or metaphorically with the sea.

    • Lane · entry 11687
  • طِمٌّ

    A large male.

    A reported nominal use explained through the description of the head as bare or trimmed.

    • Lane · entry 11687
  • طِمٌّ

    Possibly a clever or capable person.

    This meaning is reported in one lexicographical reading but is disputed as a likely transcription error for طَمٌّ, the filling or compressing sense.

    • Lane · entry 11687
  • طُمَّةٌ

    A company or congregated body of people, especially its midst.

    Used for a gathered group and for the central part of that group.

    • Lane · entry 11688
  • طُمَّةٌ

    Error, deviation from the right course, confusion, or perplexity.

    Describes being unable to see or follow the right course.

    • Lane · entry 11688
  • طُمَّةٌ

    Dirt or filth.

    A noun meaning what is dirty or impure.

    • Lane · entry 11688
  • طُمَّةٌ

    Human dung.

    Also used idiomatically in an expression for wallowing in one’s own dung.

    • Lane · entry 11688
  • طُمَّةٌ

    A portion of herbage, mostly dry or dried-up herbage.

    A noun for a quantity or patch of such vegetation.

    • Lane · entry 11688
  • طَمِمٌ

    Hardy, strong, or sturdy.

    An adjective applied in the cited usage to a mature or well-developed beast.

    • Lane · entry 11689
  • طَمُومٌ

    A swift horse.

    An intensive adjectival description of a horse’s speed.

    • Lane · entry 11690
  • طَمِيمٌ

    A medley or multitude of people.

    A nominal use for a mixed or numerous body of people.

    • Lane · entry 11691
  • طَامَّةٌ

    A cry, especially a vehement cry that overcomes everything.

    A broader Classical Arabic specialization of the noun, distinct from its Quranic designation of the Resurrection.

    • Lane · entry 11693
  • طِمْطِمٌ

    A person whose speech is indistinct, incorrect, or impeded.

    A noun for a speaker characterized by barbarousness or lack of clear articulation.

    • Lane · entry 11694
  • طُمَاطِمٌ

    Foreigners or non-Arabic-speaking people.

    A reported plural application associated with طِمْطِمٌ; it occurs in an explanation of a poetic expression.

    • Lane · entry 11694
  • طِمْطِمٌ

    A kind of sheep with small ears and fleshy folds resembling an ox’s dewlaps.

    A regional animal term associated with Yemen.

    • Lane · entry 11694
  • طَمْطَمَةٌ

    An impediment or barbarousness in speech that makes it unclear or incorrect.

    The verbal noun of the speech-related reduplicated form.

    • Lane · entry 11695
  • طَمْطَامٌ

    The middle or central part of the sea.

    A nominal derivative referring to the sea’s midst.

    • Lane · entry 11699
  • طَمْطَامٌ

    The main part or midst of a fire; much fire.

    A figurative extension of the central or abundant mass, reported in a traditional expression.

    • Lane · entry 11699
  • أَطَمُّ

    More vehement or severe annoyance, molestation, harm, or hurt.

    An intensive adjective used in a comparative or emphatic expression.

    • Lane · entry 11701
  • أَطَامِيمُ

    Legs of a beast.

    A meaning reported in one lexicographical account and disputed by another account that understands the word as a speed adjective.

    • Lane · entry 11702
  • أَطَامِيمُ

    Brisk, active, or quick in pace.

    An alternative interpretation of the word in a description of a she-camel or quick-moving beast.

    • Lane · entry 11702
  • مَطْمُومٌ

    Plaited or twisted hair.

    A passive participial description of hair that has been arranged in this way.

    • Lane · entry 11703
  • مَطْمُومٌ

    A head whose hair has been cut off entirely.

    A passive participial description of a closely shaven or completely cut head.

    • Lane · entry 11703

Cautions

Points that affect how this root should be read.

  • The canonical QAC root طمم is matched to the contracted Lane and Maqāyīs heading طم; this is a root-matching convention, not a claim that the roots are unrelated.