ظلم

ظِلَام / مُظَالَمَة

Wronging another or engaging in mutual wronging as an intended act.

Used in expressions for desiring another person's wronging.

• Lane · entry 32646

ظَلَمَ

To impose on someone a demand or burden beyond his power.

Also used of someone being asked for something beyond his ability.

• Lane · entry 32646

ظَلَمَ

To slaughter an animal without disease or other stated cause.

A specialized animal-related usage, especially of slaughtering a camel sound enough not to require slaughter.

• Lane · entry 32646

ظَلَمَ

To cover or mate with a female animal prematurely or against her inclination.

Applied to a she-camel or to a male donkey mating with a female before the proper time or while she is pregnant.

• Lane · entry 32646

ظَلَمَ

To drink or give milk before it has thickened and yielded its butter.

Used of taking the contents of a milk-skin or giving such immature milk to people.

• Lane · entry 32646

ظَلَمَ

To do something hastily, before its proper time or season.

A derived application of doing something outside its appropriate time.

• Lane · entry 32646

ظَلَمَ

To dig or make a watering place where digging is not appropriate; of water, to furrow or reach ground not reached before.

Used of ground, watering-troughs, valleys, and torrents when they extend into an uncustomary or previously untouched place.

• Lane · entry 32646

ظَلَمَ

To exceed the proper limit by adding foreign earth to a grave.

An idiomatic reproof addressed to people who add earth other than the grave's own.

• Lane · entry 32646

ظَلَمَ

To turn aside from the main or beaten path.

Used of deviating from a road or turning away from something rather than keeping to it.

• Lane · entry 32646

ظَلَمَ

To prevent or obstruct someone from doing something.

Appears in constructions meaning “what has prevented you from it?”; related proverbial expressions describe an obstacle that misplaces an affair.

• Lane · entry 32646

ظَلَّمَ

To accuse someone of wrongdoing or attribute wrongdoing to him.

Form II usage meaning to declare or impute that someone is a wrongdoer.

• Lane · entry 32647

ظَلَّمَ

To obtain justice for a person from his wrongdoer and aid him against that wrongdoer.

A Form II causative or remedial usage.

• Lane · entry 32647

تَظَلَّمَ

To complain of being wronged to an authority or judge.

The normal Form V complaint construction takes the alleged wrong to a judge or other adjudicator.

• Lane · entry 32650

تَظَلَّمَ

To take the responsibility for wrongdoing upon oneself or claim it as one's own.

A reported interpretation of the Form V; the lexical evidence records disagreement about this analysis.

• Lane · entry 32650

تَظَالَمَ

To treat one another wrongfully or unjustly.

Reciprocal Form VI usage describing mutual wrongdoing among a group.

• Lane · entry 32651

تَظَالَمَتِ المَعْزَى

Of goats, to strike one another with their horns.

A figurative animal usage attributed to their fatness, abundance of pasture, and liveliness.

• Lane · entry 32651

اِظَّلَمَ

To take upon oneself or bear wrong despite difficulty or the ability to resist.

The Form VIII describes enduring wrong willingly or with hardship.

• Lane · entry 32653

ظَلْم

The lustre or brightness of gold and of teeth.

Of teeth, the word can refer to a clear, intense lustre or whiteness that appears almost dark by contrast.

• Lane · entry 32654

ظَلْم

Snow.

A separately reported lexical use, also appearing in an expression about the brightness or “water” of the teeth.

• Lane · entry 32654

ظَلَم

In the expression أَدْنَى ظَلَم, the first or nearest thing encountered by sight, or nearness itself.

The phrase may refer to the first obstruction of vision, a nearby person or object, or the onset of confused darkness.

• Lane · entry 32656

ظَلَم

A mountain.

A nominal usage with the plural ظُلُوم.

• Lane · entry 32656

ظُلَم

The three especially dark nights following the three nights called دُرَع in a lunar month.

A technical calendrical name; the form and singular are described as morphologically anomalous by some authorities.

• Lane · entry 32657

ظُلْمَة

Darkness, the absence or departure of light, or the beginning of night.

Includes an intensely dark night and adverbial expressions meaning at night or at the time of night.

• Lane · entry 32659

ظُلْمَة

Figurative ignorance, polytheism, transgression, or hardship and affliction.

The darkness metaphor is opposed to light and guidance; ظُلُمَاتُ البحر can idiomatically mean the troubles or calamities of the sea.

• Lane · entry 32659

ظِلَام

Small, scant, mean, paltry, or of little worth.

An adjectival usage describing small quantity or contemptible value.

• Lane · entry 32665

ظِلَامًا

A sidelong or hostile glance from the outer angle of the eye.

Used in an idiomatic expression for looking at someone with anger or aversion.

• Lane · entry 32665

ظَلُوم

A woman accustomed to giving milk before it has matured and yielded its butter.

A specialized intensive epithet applied in the cited expression to a woman and a milk-skin.

• Lane · entry 32666

ظَلِيم

Milk drunk before it has thickened and its butter has emerged.

A substantivized epithet for immature milk.

• Lane · entry 32667

ظَلِيم

Earth or soil dug in a place where digging was improper or where it had not previously been done.

Also applied to earth taken from the lateral hollow of a grave and returned over the burial.

• Lane · entry 32667

ظَلِيم

A male ostrich.

A traditional explanation connects the name with making a nest or laying place in an improper location; another explanation connects it with supposed deafness.

• Lane · entry 32667

ظَلِيم

A name for certain stars, including stars associated with Sagittarius, Eridanus, or Piscis Austrinus.

The singular and dual star names are reported with variant astronomical applications.

• Lane · entry 32667

ظَلَّام

One who often slaughters camels without disease.

An intensive animal-related specialization of habitual wrongful treatment.

• Lane · entry 32670

ظِلَّام

A certain grazed herb or strange tree, especially one with long shoots extending beyond the proper limit of its stem or root.

A botanical noun distinct from the intensive adjective ظَلَّام.

• Lane · entry 32671

ظَالِم

One who complains of his wrongdoer.

A separately reported nominal use of ظَالِم in addition to its active-participle meaning.

• Lane · entry 32673

ظَلَمَة

People who withhold, deny, or refuse others their rights or dues.

A plural collective designation for rights-deniers.

• Lane · entry 32673

أَظْلَم

An appellation of the ضَبّ lizard.

The name is explained by the lizard's alleged eating of its young.

• Lane · entry 32674

مُظْلِم

Intensely black or deep in color, including hair or very green herbage.

A figurative extension of darkness to intense blackness or deep green.

• Lane · entry 32675

مُظْلِم

An evil or difficult day, or an affair whose way forward is obscure.

Applied figuratively to hardship, calamity, or a matter whose proper course cannot be discerned.

• Lane · entry 32675

مَظْلِمَة

A thing or right of which someone has been defrauded, deprived, or wrongfully dispossessed.

Also denotes the claim or demand for restoration of that right; the plural is مَظَالِم, as in the expression for a day of claims for wrongfully taken things.

• Lane · entry 32676

مُظَلَّم

A house or chamber decorated with pictures, gilding, or silvering.

The term is explained either as putting decoration where it should not be or as displaying lustre.

• Lane · entry 32677

مُظَلَّم

Herbage spread over the ground without having been rained upon.

A specialized description of vegetation in an unusual or deficient condition.

• Lane · entry 32677

مُظَلَّم

The rukhkhām vulture and crows or ravens.

A reported bird-name usage.

• Lane · entry 32677

أَرْضٌ مَظْلُومَة

Land dug where digging was improper, where no digging had previously occurred, or where a well or watering-trough was made in an unsuitable place.

The same adjective is also applied to land on which rain has not fallen and which lacks pasture.

• Lane · entry 32679