Quranic root
بغض
b · gh · ḍ
The root denotes aversion, hatred, and what stands opposite to love.
Its central orientation is the soul's turning away from something unwanted, contrasted with love as attraction toward what is desired. Classical usage develops this orientation into states of being hateful, causing hatred, reciprocal hatred, and descriptions of hated or hating persons.
- Maqāyīs · row 808
- Mufradāt · row 143
- 1
- Quran-attested forms
- 1
- Quran senses
- 5
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
بَغْضَاءُ
baghḍāʾu
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 5 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Hatred or aversion; the opposite of love.
A noun for hostile aversion or hatred. In the Quran it is coordinated with العداوة in some passages and may describe hostility that becomes manifest in speech or relations between groups.
- Mufradāt · row 143
Selected Quran examples
Quran 3:118word 17
“the hatred”
Quran 5:14word 16
“and [the] hatred”
Quran 5:64word 30
“and [the] hatred”
Quran 5:91word 8
“and [the] hatred”
Quran 60:4word 27
“and hatred”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 3:118ٱلْبَغْضَآءُthe hatred
- 5:14وَٱلْبَغْضَآءَand [the] hatred
- 5:64وَٱلْبَغْضَآءَand [the] hatred
- 5:91وَٱلْبَغْضَآءَand [the] hatred
- 60:4وَٱلْبَغْضَآءُand hatred
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 13 Classical meanings
بَغُضَ
To be or become hateful, odious, or an object of hatred.
Form I; the source also records variant vocalizations of the verb.
- Lane · entry 36790
بَغُضَ جَدُّهُ
For one's fortune or good fortune to fall.
A tropical idiom, especially associated with Yemeni usage; also used as an imprecation concerning another person's fortune.
- Lane · entry 36790
بَغَّضَ
To render someone hateful, odious, or an object of hatred to others.
Form II, causative; it is contrasted with making someone beloved.
- Lane · entry 36791
بَاغَضَ
To hate reciprocally, or to engage in vehement mutual hatred.
Form III; used for reciprocal hostility between two parties.
- Lane · entry 36792
أَبْغَضَ
To hate someone.
Form IV, transitive. The supplied lexical discussion also compares this form with dialectal analyses of other expressions.
- Lane · entry 36793
مَا أَبْغَضَهُ إِلَيَّ
How hateful or odious he is to me.
A conventional expression of wonder; related prepositional patterns can express the relation of hating or being hated.
- Lane · entry 36793
أَبْغَضَ بِعَدُوِّكَ عَيْنًا
May the eye of your enemy be pained by the sight of what he hates.
A tropical imprecatory expression; the exact verbal form and interpretation vary in the reported formulations.
- Lane · entry 36793
تَبَغَّضَ
To manifest or show hatred; to become or make oneself an object of hatred.
Form V; contrasted with showing love or making oneself beloved.
- Lane · entry 36794
تَبَاغَضَ
To hate one another; to be mutually hateful.
Form VI, describing reciprocal hatred among members of a group or between parties.
- Lane · entry 36795
بُغْضٌ / بِغْضَةٌ / بَغَاضَةٌ
Hatred; بِغْضَةٌ and بَغَاضَةٌ may denote vehement hatred.
Nominal derivatives for the state or quality of hatred; the intensity expressed by the latter variants is a lexical nuance of the same semantic branch.
- Lane · entry 36796
- Lane · entry 36797
- Lane · entry 36801
بَغِيضٌ / بَغُوضٌ / مُبْغَضٌ
Hateful, odious, hated, or an object of hatred.
Adjectival and passive descriptions of one who or something that is hated. The related plural بُغَضَاءُ is also reported. One cited interpretation gives بَغِيضٌ the contrary sense “hating.”
- Lane · entry 36800
مُبْغِضٌ
One who hates; a hater.
Active-participial usage, associated in the lexical discussion with the reported contrary interpretation of بَغِيضٌ.
- Lane · entry 36800
مَبْغَضَةٌ
A cause or occasion of hatred.
A noun of place or circumstance denoting what gives rise to hatred.
- Lane · entry 36804
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The adjective بَغِيضٌ is reported with both the ordinary sense “hated” and a contrary sense “hating”; these readings are kept explicit rather than silently conflated.
A Quran citation occurs in the Form IV lexical discussion, but no modern verse example is assigned to it here because the supplied QAC form group contains only the nominal form بَغْضَاءُ.