Quranic root
برهن
b · r · h · n
The supplied lexical record is organized around proof made manifest: بُرْهَانٌ is evidence or proof, while بَرْهَنَ means to adduce or establish it.
The noun's formation is disputed in the supplied record: analyses differ over whether its final ن is augmentative or radical and connect it to different proposed bases; no independent historical development is otherwise established.
- Lane · entry 36233
- Lane · entry 36234
- 1
- Quran-attested forms
- 1
- Quran senses
- 8
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
بُرْهَان
burhān
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 8 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Evidence or proof, including a demonstrative or manifest proof.
Used in the Quran for proof presented, demanded, or possessed; the form may occur as singular or dual, with the dual referring to two evidences.
- Lane · entry 36234
Selected Quran examples
Quran 4:174word 5
“a convincing proof”
Quran 21:24word 8
“your proof”
Quran 28:32word 16
“(are) two evidences”
Quran 23:117word 8
“proof”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 2:111بُرْهَـٰنَكُمْyour proof
- 4:174بُرْهَـٰنٌۭa convincing proof
- 12:24بُرْهَـٰنَthe proof
- 21:24بُرْهَـٰنَكُمْ ۖyour proof
- 23:117بُرْهَـٰنَproof
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 2 Classical meanings
بَرْهَنَ
To adduce or establish evidence or proof; to produce one's proof.
Constructed with عَلَيْهِ for adducing proof against, upon, or concerning someone or something, and with لَهُ for adducing proof to or for someone.
- Lane · entry 36233
بُرْهَان
A decisive, manifest, and exceptionally strong proof whose implication is truth or veracity.
A technical characterization of the strongest or most valid kind of evidence among several types of evidentiary force; it is distinct from the ordinary generic use of proof.
- Lane · entry 36234
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
Lane records disagreement over the classical status of بَرْهَنَ, with some authorities preferring أَبْرَهَ; the verb is retained here as broader Classical Arabic evidence, not as a supplied Quranic form.