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Quranic root

سنن

s · n · n

The root centers on something proceeding or being applied in a smooth, directed, continuous course.

From the basic image of pouring or sending something along smoothly, the lexical branches extend to polishing and sharpening, shaping, a beaten road or established course, and a tooth or spear-point. The sense of an established way develops from a course that is regularly followed.

  • Maqāyīs · row 2494
  • Mufradāt · row 730
3
Quran-attested forms
5
Quran senses
21
Quran occurrences

Forms in the Quran

The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.

مَسْنُون

masnūn

Part of speech
Passive participle
Quran occurrences
3 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Altered or changed, especially in odor; in the Quranic expression, mud that has become altered or stinking.

    Used in مِنْ حَمَإٍ مَسْنُونٍ. The lexical tradition also reports the closely related interpretation of mud that has undergone change after being poured or left to stand.

    • Lane · entry 42281
    • Lane · entry 42313
    • Mufradāt · row 730
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 15:26word 8

    altered

  2. Poured out and formed or shaped, as a material prepared to take a form.

    A Quranic interpretation of مَسْنُون in the expression مِنْ حَمَإٍ مَسْنُونٍ; reported explanations include poured forth, moist, poured into a form, and fashioned for drying or hardening.

    • Lane · entry 42313
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 15:33word 11

    altered

سُنَّة

sunnah

Part of speech
Noun
Quran occurrences
16 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. A way, course, or established practice followed in conduct or life; a way or precedent.

    Includes the Quranic plural سُنَنٌ, as in the ways or precedents displayed in earlier peoples' histories. The expression may describe a way attributed to God, a messenger, or a people without necessarily referring to a technical religious usage.

    • Lane · entry 42292
    • Lane · entry 42294
    • Mufradāt · row 730
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 3:137word 5

    situations

    Quran 4:26word 6

    (to) ways

    Quran 8:38word 15

    (the) practice

  2. A divinely established way or recurring rule in the treatment of peoples and events.

    Especially used in constructions such as سُنَّةُ اللَّهِ and in references to the established course affecting earlier peoples; in such contexts it can include God's recurring decree or mode of judgment, including the destruction of peoples who reject the truth.

    • Lane · entry 42292
    • Mufradāt · row 730
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 35:43word 19

    in (the) way

    Quran 48:23word 1

    (The established) way

سِنّ

sinn

Part of speech
Noun
Quran occurrences
2 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. A tooth.

    Used in the Quranic expression وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّ, establishing tooth-for-tooth equivalence in the law of retaliation.

    • Lane · entry 42290
    • Mufradāt · row 730
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 5:45word 13

    and the tooth

    Quran 5:45word 14

    for the tooth

Occurrences in the Quran

Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.

  • 3:137سُنَنٌۭsituations
  • 4:26سُنَنَ(to) ways
  • 5:45وَٱلسِّنَّand the tooth
  • 5:45بِٱلسِّنِّfor the tooth
  • 8:38سُنَّتُ(the) practice
View all 21 occurrences

Broader Classical Arabic meanings

Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.

Show 77 Classical meanings
  • سَنَّ

    To bite with the teeth; in a related construction, to break another's teeth by biting.

    Form I verb; the object may be a person or the teeth themselves.

    • Lane · entry 42281
  • سَنَّ

    To pierce or thrust with a spear or spear-head.

    Used with a person or object as the target, including the construction سَنَّهُ بِالرُّمْحِ.

    • Lane · entry 42281
  • سَنَّ

    To fit or mount a spear-head onto a spear.

    A construction concerning the spear and its iron point.

    • Lane · entry 42281
  • سَنَّ

    To sharpen, whet, make pointed, or polish a tool or other object; also to rub one stone against another.

    Form I verb; the object may be a knife, spear-head, or other thing.

    • Lane · entry 42281
  • سَنَّنَ

    To sharpen or stimulate the appetite.

    A figurative extension of sharpening, including plants that stimulate camels' appetite for other pasture.

    • Lane · entry 42281
  • سَنَّ

    To rub and clean the teeth with a tooth-cleaning stick.

    The teeth are polished by rubbing them with the designated stick.

    • Lane · entry 42281
  • سَنَّ

    To pasture and tend cattle well so that they become sleek or plump; also to send cattle into pasture.

    Used especially of camels or other livestock; the two constructions distinguish good tending from sending out to graze.

    • Lane · entry 42281
  • سَنَّ

    To drive camels quickly or make a she-camel travel vehemently.

    A Form I livestock and movement construction.

    • Lane · entry 42281
  • سَنَّ

    To direct or guide people by showing them the proper course of action.

    Attested in the expression meaning that one is made to forget in order to guide people and explain what they should do when forgetfulness occurs.

    • Lane · entry 42281
  • سَنَّ

    To pour or discharge gently and without scattering; said of water, dust, tears, or sweat.

    The material is directed smoothly onto a face, ground, corpse, or other recipient; the eye may pour tears and a horse may discharge sweat.

    • Lane · entry 42281
  • سَنَّ

    To put a coat of mail or other covering upon someone.

    A specialized construction literally treating the armor as something poured onto the wearer.

    • Lane · entry 42281
  • سَانَّ

    To forcefully mount a female animal, making her lie down.

    Form III; said of a stallion and she-camel, including covering her before she desires it.

    • Lane · entry 42283
  • سَنَّ

    To plaster pottery with clay or turn clay into pottery.

    A Form I construction concerning clay and pottery.

    • Lane · entry 42281
  • سَنَّ

    To form, fashion, shape, or make something long.

    Form I transitive usage; the source gives shaping as the general meaning and lengthening as a reported specialization.

    • Lane · entry 42281
  • سَنَّ

    To institute, establish, prescribe, or originate a custom, practice, rule, or way for others to follow; to make a matter known or prescribe its ordinances.

    May concern a good or bad practice, or the laws, commands, and prohibitions made known by God.

    • Lane · entry 42281
  • سَنَّ

    To pursue or follow a way, course, or mode of conduct.

    Used with سُنَّة or طَرِيقَة and related expressions for following an established course.

    • Lane · entry 42281
  • سَنَّنَ

    To make speech good, polished, or eloquent.

    Form II figurative usage, compared with polishing an object.

    • Lane · entry 42282
  • سَنَّنَ

    To direct or point a spear toward someone or something.

    Form II construction with the spear as the directed object.

    • Lane · entry 42282
  • سَانَّ

    To approach sexually or have sexual intercourse by force.

    Form III construction describing the stallion's forceful covering of the female animal.

    • Lane · entry 42283
  • أَسَنَّ

    To become advanced in age or full-grown; of an animal, to reach the age marked by the emergence or shedding of a specified permanent tooth.

    Form IV. The age marker varies by animal: the evidence distinguishes humans, cattle, sheep or goats, camels, and named stages of their teeth.

    • Lane · entry 42284
  • تَسَنَّنَ

    To take someone or something as an exemplar or model to be imitated.

    Form V construction with بِهِ.

    • Lane · entry 42285
  • تَسَنَّنَ

    To run at random, heedlessly, or headlong.

    Form V usage in the construction تَسَنَّنَ فِي عَدْوِهِ.

    • Lane · entry 42285
  • تَسَانَّ

    To bite one another with the front parts of the mouth.

    Form VI reciprocal construction, said of stallion-camels.

    • Lane · entry 42286
  • اِسْتَنَّ

    To clean and rub the teeth with a siwak or similar stick.

    Form VIII reflexive/use-of-instrument construction.

    • Lane · entry 42287
  • اِسْتَنَّ

    To seize or hold something with the teeth.

    A Form VIII use distinct from cleaning the teeth.

    • Lane · entry 42287
  • اِسْتَنَّ

    To flow or gush forth, said of tears or blood from a wound.

    Form VIII intransitive usage; the blood may issue in a gush from a spear wound or similar injury.

    • Lane · entry 42287
  • اِسْتَنَّ

    To quiver, move to and fro, or be in commotion, said of a mirage.

    A Form VIII usage describing the wavering appearance of a mirage.

    • Lane · entry 42287
  • اِسْتَنَّ

    To frisk, prance, spring, or run briskly to and fro, said of a horse or young camel.

    Includes running a heat without a rider and the proverbial use for someone entering a group or speaking beyond his station.

    • Lane · entry 42287
  • اِسْتَنَّ

    To take or follow the road or way; in an idiom, to be lying in the way and therefore readily attainable.

    Form VIII road construction and the idiom خُذْ مَا اسْتَنَّ.

    • Lane · entry 42287
  • اِسْتَسَنَّ

    To become a travelled or beaten road.

    Form X intransitive construction said of a road.

    • Lane · entry 42288
  • سَنْسَنَ

    To blow coldly or coolly, said of the wind.

    A Lane R.Q. form.

    • Lane · entry 42289
  • سِنّ

    A portion of pasture or herbage available to grazing camels.

    Used in expressions concerning a share or portion of pasture; this is distinct from the Quranic tooth sense.

    • Lane · entry 42290
  • سِنّ

    The possessors of teeth, collectively, including livestock, horses, slaves, and similar dependents.

    A collective use of the singular noun in traditional expressions.

    • Lane · entry 42290
  • سِنّ

    Life-span, age, or the measure and extent of a life.

    A figurative use derived from the changing of teeth; it may be applied to humans and other creatures.

    • Lane · entry 42290
  • سِنّ

    An equal or match in age.

    Used of two persons or other beings of corresponding age.

    • Lane · entry 42290
  • سِنّ

    A tooth or projecting point of a reaping hook.

    A tool-related extension of the tooth sense.

    • Lane · entry 42290
  • سِنّ

    A tooth of a comb or similar row of projections.

    The expression كَأَسْنَانِ الْمُشْطِ compares things arranged in equality.

    • Lane · entry 42290
  • سِنّ

    Equality or uniformity, especially in the idiom comparing things to the teeth of a comb.

    An idiomatic figurative use derived from the even arrangement of comb teeth.

    • Lane · entry 42290
  • سِنّ

    The nib or pared point of a writing reed.

    The two lateral halves of the reed's pared point may each be called a tooth.

    • Lane · entry 42290
  • سِنّ

    A tooth or pin of a key.

    A technical use for a projecting part of a wooden lock key.

    • Lane · entry 42290
  • سِنّ

    A clove or distinct bulb-segment of garlic.

    A specialized nominal use for one separated portion of a garlic head.

    • Lane · entry 42290
  • سِنّ

    The wild bull.

    A separate lexical use of the noun, not the tooth sense.

    • Lane · entry 42290
  • سَنَّة

    A female bear.

    A distinct noun with the vocalized form سَنَّة.

    • Lane · entry 42291
  • سَنَّة

    A female lynx.

    A distinct animal name with the vocalized form سَنَّة.

    • Lane · entry 42291
  • سُنَّة

    A transmitted practice, teaching, or precedent of a prophet or other religious authority; in Islamic legal usage, a practice attributed to the Prophet and not stated as an obligation in the Quran.

    Technical religious usage includes recommended practice and distinguishes more strongly emphasized religious observances from customary practices whose omission is not blameworthy.

    • Lane · entry 42292
  • سُنَّة

    Nature, natural disposition, temperament, or inherent quality.

    A separate nominal sense, with plural سُنَنٌ.

    • Lane · entry 42292
  • سُنَّة

    The face, facial form, cheek, forehead and sides, or the principal visible part of the face.

    A lexical extension associated with smoothness, evenness, and the form of the face.

    • Lane · entry 42292
  • سُنَّة

    The black line or streak along the back of an ass.

    A specialized animal-description term.

    • Lane · entry 42292
  • سُنَّة

    A recognized variety of dates from Medina.

    A proper or regional food term.

    • Lane · entry 42292
  • سِنَّة

    A ploughshare, the iron implement used to break up the ground.

    A technical tool noun; its plural is reported as سِنَنٌ.

    • Lane · entry 42293
  • سِنَّة

    A two-headed axe, hoe, or adz; in the plural, axes.

    A separate tool-related use from the ploughshare sense.

    • Lane · entry 42293
  • سَنَن

    The main, middle, beaten, or otherwise travelled part of a road; a road's course or direction.

    Used in expressions for leaving or keeping to the road and proceeding along one's course.

    • Lane · entry 42294
  • سَنَن

    A way of acting, mode, or manner of conduct.

    Used for continuing in one consistent mode or manner.

    • Lane · entry 42294
  • سَنَن

    A person's aim or intention.

    A nominal extension from direction and course.

    • Lane · entry 42294
  • سَنَن

    The tract, face, or direction of the ground toward which one proceeds.

    A land and orientation usage reported as a related noun sense.

    • Lane · entry 42294
  • سَنَن

    A sustained course or run of horses or camels, especially a group advancing without being turned aside.

    Used of animals persevering in running, advancing, or retreating; it can denote the group or its forceful course.

    • Lane · entry 42294
  • سِنَان

    The iron head or point of a spear.

    The noun is associated with the polished, sharpened point; plural أَسِنَّةٌ.

    • Lane · entry 42299
  • سِنَان

    A whetstone or sharpening implement.

    A synonym of مِسَنّ in the reported lexical usage.

    • Lane · entry 42299
  • سِنَان

    Flies.

    A separate plural-like lexical use, synonymous with ذِبَّانٌ.

    • Lane · entry 42299
  • سَنُون

    A dentifrice or medicine used to rub, clean, strengthen, and freshen the teeth.

    A material prepared for dental cleaning; plural سَنُونَاتٌ.

    • Lane · entry 42300
  • سَنِين

    The material or residue that flows from a whetstone during sharpening or falls from one stone when it is rubbed against another.

    A technical material term associated with sharpening and grinding.

    • Lane · entry 42302
  • سَنِينَة

    An elevated lengthwise ridge of sand, or sand shaped like a rope or ridge.

    A geographical noun; the plural is سَنَائِنُ.

    • Lane · entry 42304
  • سَنِينَة

    Wind, especially a gentle wind.

    A separate natural-phenomenon sense from the sand noun.

    • Lane · entry 42304
  • سِنْسِن

    The edge or projecting end of a vertebra, rib, breastbone, or related bone; by extension, prominent bony parts such as parts of a camel's hump.

    An anatomical noun with several reported applications to vertebrae, ribs, breast bones, horses, and camels.

    • Lane · entry 42306
  • سِنْسِن

    Thirst.

    A separate lexical sense of the noun.

    • Lane · entry 42306
  • سَنْسَان

    A blast or mass of smoke.

    Used of smoke from a fire.

    • Lane · entry 42308
  • سَنْسَانَة

    A cold or cool wind.

    A fixed descriptive noun phrase with رِيحٌ.

    • Lane · entry 42309
  • أَسَنّ

    More advanced in age; oldest or further advanced in age.

    The comparative or superlative adjective of age.

    • Lane · entry 42310
  • مُسِنّ

    Advanced in age or full-grown, especially of an animal beyond the youthful stage.

    Applied to mature livestock and other animals; the exact age can be marked by the emergence of permanent teeth.

    • Lane · entry 42311
  • مَسْنُون

    Bitten with the teeth.

    A classical passive-participle use distinct from the Quranic mud expression.

    • Lane · entry 42313
  • مَسْنُون

    Said of land whose herbage has been eaten or grazed down.

    A classical passive-participle use of land and pasture.

    • Lane · entry 42313
  • مَسْنُون

    Sharpened, whetted, pointed, or polished.

    Applied to a knife or other object that has been worked on a whetstone.

    • Lane · entry 42313
  • مَسْنُون

    Made smooth, formed, fashioned, shaped, or elongated.

    A general passive-participle use for an object that has been shaped or smoothed; it is distinct from the Quran-specific mud interpretations.

    • Lane · entry 42313
  • مَسْنُون

    Smooth, even, long, or handsome in facial form.

    Applied to a face or a person described by the form and smoothness of the face.

    • Lane · entry 42313
  • مُسْتَنّ

    The place where a mirage runs or where the vehement heat of a hot wind moves to and fro.

    Used in the expression مُسْتَنُّ الْحَرُورِ.

    • Lane · entry 42314
  • مُسْتَنّ

    A lion.

    An epithet derived from the Form VIII lexical family.

    • Lane · entry 42314
  • مِسَنْسَن

    A travelled or beaten road.

    A nominal form describing a road that has been traversed.

    • Lane · entry 42316

Cautions

Points that affect how this root should be read.

  • The Lane material is matched through geminate contraction to the canonical Quran root; several homographic nouns and derived forms therefore remain distinct in the Classical section.

  • Lane's historical Quran citation notation was not converted into an unverified modern verse location. The Quran examples use only supplied QAC locations.

Unassigned or ambiguous evidence

  • Mufradat also explains the Quranic form لَمْ يَتَسَنَّهْ in 2:259 as meaning 'did not change'; that form is not among the supplied QAC form groups, so it is preserved here as unassigned evidence rather than added as an unsupported public Quranic form.