Quranic root
شمت
sh · m · t
The root's central semantic orientation is an enemy's joy at a calamity afflicting an adversary.
The Form IV causative develops this core into causing others to rejoice at someone's affliction. The lexical tradition also connects supplication for another's good, especially after sneezing, with warding off such hostile joy; several further branches are obscure or lexically divergent.
- Maqāyīs · row 2690
- Mufradāt · row 786
- 1
- Quran-attested forms
- 1
- Quran senses
- 1
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
أَشْمَتَ
ʾashmata
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form IV
- Form
- IV
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To cause enemies or adversaries to rejoice at a person's affliction; to expose someone to their hostile schadenfreude.
A causative transitive use: the person caused to rejoice is expressed as the object, while the afflicted person or misfortune is introduced with بِـ. The Quranic occurrence is in the construction “do not cause the enemies to rejoice at me.”
- Lane · entry 39170
- Mufradāt · row 786
Selected Quran examples
Quran 7:150word 32
“rejoice”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 7:150تُشْمِتْrejoice
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 9 Classical meanings
شَمِتَ؛ شَامِتٌ
To rejoice at an enemy's affliction; شَامِتٌ is one who does so.
The verb is used with بِهِ for rejoicing at the affliction of an enemy.
- Lane · entry 39168
- Lane · entry 39176
تَشْمِيتٌ؛ مُشَمِّتٌ
To invoke good or blessing for another, especially by answering a sneeze with a prayer; مُشَمِّتٌ is one who prays for another's good.
The sneezer's blessing is a conventional use; the construction may occur with لَهُ or عَلَيْهِ, meaning to pray for good or blessing for the person.
- Lane · entry 39169
- Lane · entry 39179
- Mufradāt · row 786
شَمَّتَ
To disappoint, frustrate, or debar someone from attaining what he seeks.
A reported Form II transitive usage concerning thwarting or denying a person's desired aim.
- Lane · entry 39169
شَمَّتَ
To collect or gather.
An additional reported equivalence whose lexicographical status is explicitly questioned.
- Lane · entry 39169
تَشَمُّتٌ؛ شِمَاتٌ
Disappointment or frustration in attaining an aim; also, people who return disappointed without spoil.
The nominal usage can denote the state or result of frustrated endeavor, while the plural usage denotes those who fail to attain their objective and return without spoil.
- Lane · entry 39171
- Lane · entry 39173
اِشْتِمَاتٌ؛ مُشْتَمِتَةٌ
Beginning to grow fat.
Said of a camel or camels.
- Lane · entry 39172
- Lane · entry 39180
شَمِيتٌ
Reproach.
A rare reported meaning, not confirmed in the consulted copy of the cited lexicographical source.
- Lane · entry 39174
شَامِتَةٌ؛ شَوَامِتُ
A leg of a beast; one of the animal's legs.
شَامِتَةٌ is given as a singular substantive corresponding to شَوَامِتُ.
- Lane · entry 39177
مُشَمَّتٌ
A king for whom the customary prayers offered for kings are made.
A specialized passive-participial designation for the recipient of royal prayers.
- Lane · entry 39178
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The Quranic example uses the independently supplied QAC location 7:150:32; an alternative reading reported in the lexical discussion is not treated as an additional QAC form.
The meanings “collecting” and “reproach” are retained as qualified Classical attestations because the evidence itself questions or limits their lexicographical status.