Quranic root
شرق
sh · r · q
A root oriented toward illumination and opening: the rising or shining of the sun, eastern direction, and the opening or splitting of an object.
The central meanings develop into sunrise, brightness, eastern orientation, and exposure to sunlight. Other lexical branches extend toward saturation or obstruction, redness, splitting, and sun-drying.
- Maqāyīs · row 2620
- Mufradāt · row 762
- 5
- Quran-attested forms
- 7
- Quran senses
- 17
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
أَشْرَقَ
ʾashraqa
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form IV
- Form
- IV
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To become bright or shine with light.
In the Quranic occurrence, the earth becomes bright with the light of its Lord; the verb is intransitive.
- Lane · entry 38359
- Mufradāt · row 762
Selected Quran examples
Quran 39:69word 1
“And (will) shine”
شَرْقِيّ
sharqiyy
- Part of speech
- Adjective
- Quran occurrences
- 2 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Eastern; of or pertaining to the east or place of sunrise.
Used adjectivally for something situated toward, associated with, or receiving light from the east.
- Lane · entry 38374
- Mufradāt · row 762
Selected Quran examples
Quran 19:16word 10
“eastern”
Quran 24:35word 23
“(of the) east”
إِشْرَاق
ʾishrāq
- Part of speech
- Verbal noun
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Sunrise; the time when the sun rises and begins to shine.
In the Quranic expression, it denotes a time of day.
- Mufradāt · row 762
Selected Quran examples
Quran 38:18word 7
“and [the] sunrise”
مَشْرِق
mashriq
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 11 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
The east; the place, quarter, or direction of sunrise.
The singular denotes the eastern direction or the place from which the sun rises.
- Lane · entry 38381
- Mufradāt · row 762
Selected Quran examples
Quran 2:115word 2
“(is) the east”
The two sunrise points, especially those of summer and winter; by extension in a Quranic dual construction, the east and the west.
The dual may refer to the seasonal sunrise points or to the paired places of sunrise and sunset, according to context.
- Lane · entry 38381
- Mufradāt · row 762
Selected Quran examples
Quran 43:38word 9
“(of) the East and the West”
The various points or places of sunrise; the risings or eastern parts.
The plural may reflect the changing sunrise point across days or seasons and can denote multiple eastern regions or risings.
- Lane · entry 38381
- Mufradāt · row 762
Selected Quran examples
Quran 37:5word 7
“(of) each point of sunrise”
Quran 70:40word 4
“(of) the risings”
مُشْرِق
mushriq
- Part of speech
- Active participle
- Quran occurrences
- 2 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Entering upon sunrise; at sunrise.
The Quranic form is a plural active participle used in a temporal construction meaning that an action occurred at sunrise.
- Lane · entry 38382
Selected Quran examples
Quran 15:73word 3
“at sunrise”
Quran 26:60word 2
“(at) sunrise”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 2:115ٱلْمَشْرِقُ(is) the east
- 2:142ٱلْمَشْرِقُ(is) the east
- 2:177ٱلْمَشْرِقِthe east
- 2:258ٱلْمَشْرِقِthe east
- 7:137مَشَـٰرِقَ(the) eastern (parts)
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 63 Classical meanings
شَرَقَ
The sun, moon, or stars rose; the sun shone and spread its light over the ground.
A Form I intransitive verb of rising or shining, distinct from the Quranic Form IV usage.
- Lane · entry 38359
شَرَقَ
The palm trees showed redness or the colors of their dates.
Used of fruit or date palms as they develop visible color.
- Lane · entry 38359
شَرَقَ
To slit the ear of a sheep or goat.
The slitting is performed in the manner described under شَرْقَاء.
- Lane · entry 38359
شَرَقَ
To pluck or cut fruit.
A transitive Form I use referring to harvesting fruit.
- Lane · entry 38359
شَرِقَ
To become choked with spittle, water, or something similar.
Used of a person or other animate subject with the obstructing substance expressed by بِـ.
- Lane · entry 38359
شَرِقَ
To become filled, obstructed, or saturated with something.
The lexical extension applies to a wound filled with blood, a place crowded by its occupants, a body saturated with perfume, or cloth saturated with dye.
- Lane · entry 38359
شَرِقَ
To become red or have blood visibly suffuse it.
Used of an eye, complexion, or other thing becoming red; the evidence also connects the use with intense redness.
- Lane · entry 38359
شَرِقَ
To become mixed, commingled, or blended.
A figurative extension of becoming filled or intermingled.
- Lane · entry 38359
شَرِقَتِ الشَّمْسُ
The sun became dim, reddish, or close to setting.
A distinct usage describing the late-day sun, including the time when its light weakens or it becomes yellow or red.
- Lane · entry 38359
- Mufradāt · row 762
شَرَّقَ
To go toward the east, take the eastern direction, or direct oneself eastward.
A Form II motion verb; the destination or orientation is the east or place of sunrise.
- Lane · entry 38360
شَرَّقَ
To pray at sunrise, and consequently to perform the festival-of-sacrifice prayer.
A conventional ritual use associated with prayer after sunrise.
- Lane · entry 38360
شَرَّقَتِ الأَرْضُ
The land became parched and dry from sun and lack of water.
Used of land affected by drought or not reached by water.
- Lane · entry 38360
تَشْرِيق
Being beautiful, sunny, or shining in the face.
A nominal or verbal-noun use describing brightness and beauty of appearance.
- Lane · entry 38360
شَرَّقَ
To cut meat into strips or pieces and expose it to the sun to dry.
Also used of throwing barley into a sunny place to dry or exposing an animal’s back so dew will dry.
- Lane · entry 38360
أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ
The three days following the day of sacrifice.
A conventional name explained in connection with drying sacrificial meat in the sun, the sacrifice after sunrise, or the prayer that follows the sacrifice.
- Lane · entry 38360
شَرَّقَ
To dye cloth yellow, red, or with saffron, including to saturate it thoroughly with dye.
The evidence distinguishes saffron dyeing from dyeing with safflower.
- Lane · entry 38360
شَرَّقَ
To plaster a watering-trough or tank with شَارُوق or صَارُوج.
A specialized construction use, with the plastering material named in the expression.
- Lane · entry 38360
أَشْرَقَ
The face or complexion shone and became bright with beauty.
A Form IV intransitive use applied to the face or color.
- Lane · entry 38361
أَشْرَقَ
To cause something to shine or make the world bright.
A reported and disputed transitive usage regarded in the evidence as post-classical or lacking decisive proof.
- Lane · entry 38361
أَشْرَقَ
To enter upon the time of sunrise.
A Form IV temporal use comparable to entering morning or the time of daylight.
- Lane · entry 38361
أَشْرَقَ
To cause an enemy to choke; figuratively, to impede someone’s speech or action.
The causative construction takes a person as the affected object; the figurative use describes preventing someone from saying or doing something.
- Lane · entry 38361
أَشْرَقَ
To saturate or thoroughly dye a garment.
A transitive use with the dye expressed by بِـ or فِي.
- Lane · entry 38361
تَشَرَّقَ
To sit in a sunny place.
The usage is especially associated in some reports with sitting in the sun during winter.
- Lane · entry 38362
تَشَرَّقُوا
To look through a door’s sunlit chink, the opening into which the rising sun’s light falls.
A specialized plural construction involving a door or its fissure.
- Lane · entry 38362
اِنْشَرَقَتِ القَوْسُ
The bow split.
A Form VII intransitive use describing the bow’s breaking or separation.
- Lane · entry 38363
اِشْرَوْرَقَ
To become drowned or immersed in tears.
Used of an eye or person overwhelmed by tears.
- Lane · entry 38364
شَرْق
The sun, especially the rising sun, or the sun’s upper limb as it begins to rise.
The noun can denote the rising celestial body or its visible upper edge.
- Lane · entry 38365
شَرْق
A place where the sun shines, the warmth of the sun, or a sunny place.
A noun for a sunlit location or the warmth produced by sunlight.
- Lane · entry 38365
شَرْق
The light entering through the chink of a door.
Used for the beam or remnant of light visible through a narrow opening.
- Lane · entry 38365
شَرْق
A chink or fissure.
A noun for a narrow opening, including the chink of the mouth.
- Lane · entry 38365
شَرْق
A bird of prey between a kite and a hawk or falcon.
A zoological noun with the plural شُرُوق.
- Lane · entry 38365
شَرَق
Something such as spittle obstructing or choking the throat.
A noun denoting the obstructing substance or condition.
- Lane · entry 38367
شَرِق
A place made bright by the sun’s shining upon it.
A descriptive noun or adjective for a sun-brightened place.
- Lane · entry 38368
شَرِق
A person choked with spittle, water, or the like.
The derived descriptive form names the person affected by choking.
- Lane · entry 38368
شَرِق
A plant or herbage flourishing, fresh, or juicy because of plentiful irrigation.
A figurative or extended descriptive use, synonymous with being well-watered.
- Lane · entry 38368
شَرِق
Red, intensely red, or saturated with red dye or blood.
Applied to dyed cloth, lean red meat, a blood-colored object, or something of beautiful intense redness.
- Lane · entry 38368
شَرِق
Mixed, commingled, or blended.
An extended descriptive use associated with intermixture.
- Lane · entry 38368
شُرْقَة
Anxiety, grief, or anguish.
A rare dialectal noun.
- Lane · entry 38370
شَرَقَة
A brand used to mark a sheep or goat with a slit ear.
A specialized livestock term.
- Lane · entry 38371
شَرْقَاء
A sheep or goat whose ear has been slit.
The sources describe several forms of slitting, including lengthwise slitting without complete separation and slitting into two or three parts.
- Lane · entry 38373
شَرْقِيّ
A certain red dye.
A noun sense distinct from the adjective meaning eastern.
- Lane · entry 38374
شَرِيق
A handsome or beautiful boy or young man.
A descriptive personal noun focused on beauty of face.
- Lane · entry 38375
شَرِيق
A woman with a small vulva, or whose vagina and rectum have become joined by tearing of the intervening separation.
An anatomical term with the alternatives explicitly reported in the lexical evidence.
- Lane · entry 38375
الشَّرِيق
The name of a particular idol.
A proper-name use from pre-Islamic religious vocabulary.
- Lane · entry 38375
شُرَيْقَة
The first part of the rising sun.
A diminutive noun for the initial visible portion of sunrise.
- Lane · entry 38376
شَرَاقِيّ
Land not reached by water or inundation and consequently parched by the sun.
A dialectal Egyptian term.
- Lane · entry 38377
شَارِق
The side of a hill or mountain nearest the east; the eastern side.
A geographical noun contrasted with the western side.
- Lane · entry 38378
الشُّرْقُ الجُونُ
In a disputed traditional expression, trials, conflicts, or factions rising from the east and likened to portions of a dark night.
This interpretation is explicitly reported as an alternative transmission or attribution, not as the ordinary geographical sense.
- Lane · entry 38378
الشَّارِق
The name of a particular idol.
A proper-name use from the pre-Islamic period.
- Lane · entry 38378
شَارُوق
A plastering material equivalent to صَارُوج or lime plaster.
Used for plastering structures or watering-troughs; one related citation is qualified as possibly a transcription issue.
- Lane · entry 38378
- Lane · entry 38379
مَشَارِق
In a disputed interpretation of a cited phrase, strips of meat cut and spread in the sun to dry.
This is an attributed interpretation of a poetic expression, distinct from the ordinary plural of مَشْرِق for sunrise points.
- Lane · entry 38381
مُشْرِق
Bright from the sun’s shining.
A descriptive participial use for a place or thing made bright by sunlight.
- Lane · entry 38382
مَشْرُقَة
A place of sitting in the sun or a place upon which the sun shines.
Some usage restricts the reference particularly to a sunny place used in winter.
- Lane · entry 38383
مَشْرِقِيّ
A person of the east; eastern or oriental.
Applied specifically to a person in the cited lexical description, distinct from the adjective شَرْقِيّ.
- Lane · entry 38384
مُشَرَّق
A place of prayer, especially the festival prayer-ground.
The term can denote the prayer place generally, the place of the two festivals, the festival ground at Mecca, or the mosque of al-Khayf.
- Lane · entry 38385
مُشَرَّق
The festival itself.
A conventional shortening based on the festival prayer occurring after sunrise.
- Lane · entry 38385
مُشَرَّق
Meat cut into strips and spread in the sun to dry.
A substantivized passive-participial noun derived from the sun-drying process.
- Lane · entry 38385
مُشَرَّق
A garment or piece of cloth dyed yellow, saffron-colored, or red.
The color and method vary in the reported lexical descriptions.
- Lane · entry 38385
مُشَرَّق
A fortress, watering-trough, or tank plastered with شَارُوق.
A specialized nominal use referring to a structure treated with the named plaster.
- Lane · entry 38385
مُشَرِّق
One going toward the east or place of sunrise.
An active participle used substantivally and contrasted with one going west.
- Lane · entry 38386
مِشْرَاق
A man accustomed to make his enemy choke with spittle.
An agent noun describing a habitual or characteristic action.
- Lane · entry 38387
مِشْرِيق
A door chink into which the light of the rising sun falls.
A specialized architectural noun for a sunlit opening.
- Lane · entry 38388
المِشْرِيق
The name of a gate for repentance in Heaven.
A proper-name or religious-cultural use reported in traditional vocabulary.
- Lane · entry 38388
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
مَشْرِقَيْنِ may denote the two seasonal sunrise points or the paired east and west; the surrounding construction determines the intended relation.
Several rare Classical branches are reported with qualifications such as disputed attribution, dialectal restriction, or alternative interpretation; those qualifications are retained in their usage conditions.