Quranic root
سجر
s · j · r
The root centers on three semantic orientations: filling or overflowing, mixing or intermingling, and kindling or ignition.
From these orientations, Classical Arabic develops usages for filled waters and vessels, flowing or hanging things, companionship and mixed coloration, and the heating or kindling of fire.
- Maqāyīs · row 2361
- 3
- Quran-attested forms
- 5
- Quran senses
- 3
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
سَجَرَ
sajara
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form I
- Form
- I
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To be kindled or burned in fire.
Quranic passive use describing people being subjected to fire; the form is passive and imperfect in its attested occurrence.
- Lane · entry 40250
- Mufradāt · row 662
Selected Quran examples
Quran 40:72word 6
“they will be burned”
سَجَّرَ
sajjara
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form II
- Form
- II
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To fill, cause to overflow, or make water flow together into one body.
In the passive Quranic construction concerning the seas, this supports readings in which the seas are filled, overflow, or flow together and become one sea.
- Lane · entry 40250
- Lane · entry 40251
Selected Quran examples
Quran 81:6word 3
“are made to overflow”
To kindle, set ablaze, or turn into fire.
In the passive Quranic construction concerning the seas, this supports readings in which they are kindled, dried up through fire, or become fire.
- Lane · entry 40250
- Mufradāt · row 662
Selected Quran examples
Quran 81:6word 3
“are made to overflow”
مَسْجُورٌ
masjūrun
- Part of speech
- Passive participle
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Filled or full, especially describing a sea or body of water.
Quranic passive-participle use describing the sea; the expression is also associated with readings of overflowing or being filled to capacity.
- Lane · entry 40265
Selected Quran examples
Quran 52:6word 2
“filled”
Filled with fire; kindled or ablaze.
A Quran-attested interpretation of the sea expression connects the participle with kindling and fire rather than water alone.
- Lane · entry 40265
- Mufradāt · row 662
Selected Quran examples
Quran 52:6word 2
“filled”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
View all 3 occurrencesBroader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 31 Classical meanings
سَجَرَ
To fill a river, channel, well, or vessel with water.
Used transitively of water filling a container or watercourse; the torrent may be the filling agent.
- Lane · entry 40250
سَجَرَ
To pour water into the throat.
A fixed transitive construction referring to forcing or pouring liquid into someone's throat.
- Lane · entry 40250
سَجَرَ
To heat an oven, kindle a fire in it, or fill it with fuel; also to tend or stir its fuel.
Used with an oven or its fuel and with the implement used to stir the fuel.
- Lane · entry 40250
سَجَرَتِ النَّاقَةُ
Of a she-camel, to emit a prolonged yearning cry and fill her mouth with it.
A figurative or specialized animal usage associated with intense yearning for the young.
- Lane · entry 40250
سَجَرَ
To make hair or similar material hang down.
A causative usage describing the arrangement or falling of hair.
- Lane · entry 40250
سَجَرَ
To put a collar or neck-piece on a dog, or bind the dog with one.
Used with the dog-collar called سَاجُور.
- Lane · entry 40250
سَاجَرَ
To associate or interact with someone as a friend, or mix and hold intercourse with him.
A figurative Form III usage derived from the imagery of mutual yearning and association.
- Lane · entry 40252
اِنْسَجَرَ
To become full, especially of a vessel.
Intransitive usage describing a vessel reaching fullness.
- Lane · entry 40253
اِنْسَجَرَ
Of hair, to hang down.
Intransitive usage describing hair falling or extending downward.
- Lane · entry 40253
اِنْسَجَرَتِ الإِبِلُ
Of camels, to proceed in an uninterrupted series, or to advance and hasten.
Used of continuous, energetic movement in a line or succession.
- Lane · entry 40253
سَجَرٌ
Turbidness or dinginess; in the eye, a reddish or otherwise mixed discoloration.
The eye usage covers an intermixture of redness or a dingy tinge in the white or dark part of the eye.
- Lane · entry 40255
سُجْرَةٌ
Rainwater collected in and filling a natural depression; also a rain-filled depression.
The plural is سُجَرٌ.
- Lane · entry 40256
سُجُرٌّ
Full, of a well.
Used in the expression بِئْرٌ سُجُرٌّ.
- Lane · entry 40257
سَجُورٌ
Fuel used to heat an oven.
Refers to the fuel or wood by which a tannūr is heated.
- Lane · entry 40258
سَجِيرٌ
A friend, close companion, or sincere associate.
The plural is سُجَرَاءُ; the meaning is figuratively connected with mutual yearning and affection.
- Lane · entry 40259
سَجِيرٌ
A sword.
A rare, expressly figurative or assumed-tropical usage.
- Lane · entry 40259
سَاجِرٌ
A torrent that fills everything, or a place reached and filled by a torrent.
The second use is a possessive or passive-like epithet for the place overrun by floodwater.
- Lane · entry 40260
سَاجُورٌ
A wooden neck-piece, or an iron collar or ring, put on a dog's neck.
The plural forms include سَوَاجِيرُ and سَوَاجِرُ; the word may denote either the material or the collar itself.
- Lane · entry 40261
أَسْجَرُ
Turbid, muddy, or reddish, of a pool, rainwater, or drop.
The description includes water with mud or redness that has not yet cleared.
- Lane · entry 40262
أَسْجَرُ
Having the white of the eye intermixed with redness.
The feminine form سَجْرَاءُ is used with an eye or similar feminine noun.
- Lane · entry 40262
مِسْجَرَةٌ
A wooden stick used to stir or tend fuel in an oven.
A related instrumental form is مِسْجَرٌ.
- Lane · entry 40264
مَسْجُورٌ
Full or well-filled, of an eye, spring, or source.
This is a Classical use distinct from the Quranic sea expression.
- Lane · entry 40265
مَسْجُورٌ
Containing more water than milk.
Used of milk diluted so that the water predominates over the milk itself.
- Lane · entry 40265
مَسْجُورٌ
Made to flow forth.
A passive-participle use describing something caused to flow or pour out.
- Lane · entry 40265
مَسْجُورٌ
Empty or drained.
A rare contrary meaning, explicitly reported alongside the sense of being filled.
- Lane · entry 40265
مَسْجُورٌ
Still or quiet; in some usage, still and full at the same time.
A specialized descriptive use whose combination of stillness and fullness is retained where stated.
- Lane · entry 40265
مَسْجُورٌ
Of pearls, strung and hanging down, or fallen and scattered from their string.
The meaning is applied to pearls in relation to their string or their dispersal from it.
- Lane · entry 40265
مَسْجُورٌ
Highly brilliant, of a pearl.
Used of a single pearl as a specialized descriptive expression.
- Lane · entry 40265
مَسْجُورٌ
Hanging down, of hair.
A passive-participle description of hair arranged or falling downward.
- Lane · entry 40265
مَسْجُورٌ
Having a dog-collar or neck-piece attached.
Used of a dog bearing a سَاجُور.
- Lane · entry 40265
مُسَجَّرٌ
Dried up, of water that has sunk into the ground.
A specialized passive-participle usage describing water no longer remaining on the surface.
- Lane · entry 40266
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The Quranic sea expressions support distinct traditional readings of filling or overflowing and kindling or becoming fire; these are retained as separate senses rather than collapsed into the contextual gloss alone.
Lane's printed Quran citation conventions are historical and are not used here to construct additional modern verse locations.