Quranic root
غور
gh · w · r
The root has two principal semantic orientations: downward movement, depression, or depth; and forceful advance to seize or raid.
The downward branch develops through low land, depth, sinking water, setting celestial bodies, caves, and related forms. A separate branch denotes rapid advance, hostile incursion, and forcible seizure.
- Maqāyīs · row 3477
- 3
- Quran-attested forms
- 3
- Quran senses
- 4
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
غَارٌ
ghārun
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
A cave or cavern, especially a hollow in a mountain.
In the Quran, the definite form refers to the cave in which the two companions were sheltered.
- Lane · entry 30123
- Mufradāt · row 1074
Selected Quran examples
Quran 9:40word 15
“the cave”
غَوْرٌ
ghawrun
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 2 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Sunken or withdrawn downward into the ground; of water, gone down into the earth.
In the Quranic expressions مَاءٌ غَوْرٌ and أَنْ يُصْبِحَ مَاؤُهَا غَوْرًا, the word describes water that has sunk or gone away into the ground.
- Lane · entry 30115
- Lane · entry 30124
- Mufradāt · row 1074
Selected Quran examples
Quran 18:41word 4
“sunken”
Quran 67:30word 6
“sunken”
مَغَارَةٌ
maghārahun
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
A cave or cavern; a hollow or shelter in a mountain.
The Quranic form is plural, مَغَارَاتٍ, and denotes caves or cavernous shelters.
- Lane · entry 30136
- Mufradāt · row 1074
Selected Quran examples
Quran 9:57word 5
“caves”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
View all 4 occurrencesBroader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 48 Classical meanings
غَارٌ
A low or depressed place, especially in a mountain; also a low tract of land.
This is distinct from the more specific cave sense and may describe a depression or low ground generally.
- Lane · entry 30123
- Lane · entry 30124
غَارَ
To go to, travel toward, or journey in a low country or region.
Used of taking one's way toward the region called the غور, in contrast with elevated land.
- Lane · entry 30115
غَارَ وَأَنْجَدَ
In an idiom contrasting low and high country, to become famous throughout the regions.
An assumed tropical expression, not the ordinary physical sense of going to low land.
- Lane · entry 30115
غَارَ
To enter into a thing, including to enter deeply into it.
The object may be a physical thing; the construction is distinct from the figurative examination of an affair.
- Lane · entry 30115
غَوْرٌ
Depth of inquiry or penetration into an affair; figuratively, deep discernment, and in one usage a deeply rancorous or malicious disposition.
A figurative extension of entering or reaching depth; the evaluative meanings are reported as associated applications of بَعِيدُ الغَوْرِ.
- Lane · entry 30115
- Lane · entry 30124
غَارَتِ الشَّمْسُ
Of the sun, moon, or a star, to set or disappear.
Used of a celestial body passing out of sight.
- Lane · entry 30115
غَارَتْ عَيْنُهُ
For the eye to sink or become depressed into the head.
The expression describes a sunken eye and is equated with becoming hollowed or depressed.
- Lane · entry 30115
- Lane · entry 30118
غَارَ النَّهَارُ
For the day to become intensely hot as the sun declines from the meridian.
An assumed tropical application associated with the heat of midday.
- Lane · entry 30115
- Lane · entry 30116
غَارَ شَيْئًا
To seek for or seek after a thing.
The object of seeking is expressed directly after the verb.
- Lane · entry 30115
غَارَ
To bestow provisions, benefit, abundance, rain, or means of subsistence.
Used with a person or group as object, often with بِخَيْرٍ, بِرِزْقٍ, or a similar complement; it can also mean to succour with rain or prosperity.
- Lane · entry 30115
غِوَرٌ
Bloodwit or compensation paid for a homicide.
غِوَرٌ is also reported as a dialectal variant related to غِيَرٌ.
- Lane · entry 30115
- Lane · entry 30125
غَارٌ
Jealousy, especially jealousy concerning one's spouse.
The construction غَارَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ expresses being jealous of one's household or spouse.
- Lane · entry 30115
- Lane · entry 30123
غَوَّرَ
To take a midday rest, alight for a nap, or travel until midday and then stop.
The form may describe a brief halt for sleep or the action of entering upon and passing through the middle of the day.
- Lane · entry 30116
غَوَّرَ
To put or make something enter a low or depressed place; to hide, conceal, or cause it to disappear.
A transitive causative use involving lowering or removing something from view.
- Lane · entry 30116
غَوَّرَ
To rout, defeat, put to flight, or drive away.
A causative or hostile application of making an opponent withdraw.
- Lane · entry 30116
أَغَارَ
To go away into the country or land.
This intransitive use is distinct in form from غَارَ meaning to go toward the low country.
- Lane · entry 30118
أَغَارَ
To hasten or run rapidly and vehemently, especially of a horse or fox.
The expression can describe pressing forward in walking, marching, journeying, or running.
- Lane · entry 30118
- Lane · entry 30126
أَغَارَ
To make a sudden hostile or predatory incursion or attack against an enemy or a settlement.
The construction أَغَارَ عَلَى takes the enemy, people, territory, or dwellings as its target and may include engagement in conflict.
- Lane · entry 30118
- Lane · entry 30126
أَغَارَ
To plunder or take something by pillage.
This is the transitive result of a hostile incursion and is also used independently.
- Lane · entry 30118
- Lane · entry 30126
أَغَارَ
To come to people to aid or succour them, or to come to them seeking aid.
The direction and reciprocal relation are expressed by بِ or إِلَى constructions.
- Lane · entry 30118
أَغَارَ
To twist a rope hard.
The resulting rope is characterized by the hardness or compactness of its twisting.
- Lane · entry 30118
- Lane · entry 30126
أَغَارَ أَهْلَهُ
To marry another woman in addition to one's wife, thereby causing jealousy.
A conventional transitive expression concerning a man's household.
- Lane · entry 30118
تَغَاوَرُوا
To make raids or sudden attacks against one another and engage in conflict.
The reciprocal Form VI construction expresses hostile action between opposing parties or their territories.
- Lane · entry 30120
اِغْتَارَ
To procure provisions or obtain benefit, advantage, or profit.
The form may refer either to acquiring food provisions or to deriving benefit more generally.
- Lane · entry 30121
اِسْتَغْوَرَ
To descend or seek to descend into low land.
The form can express either actual descent or the desire to reach a low country.
- Lane · entry 30122
اِسْتَغْوَرَ
For fat or flesh to enter into, spread through, and become compact in an animal.
Reported especially of a horse or camel; some descriptions emphasize hardening and compactness.
- Lane · entry 30122
اِسْتَغَارَتْ
For a wound to become swollen.
Used of a wound or sore as it rises or becomes enlarged.
- Lane · entry 30122
اِسْتَغْوَرَ
To ask or beg God for provisions.
The requested غِيرَة is explained as مِيرَة, provisions of grain or similar food.
- Lane · entry 30122
غَارٌ
A hole, burrow, or covert to which a wild animal retreats; sometimes a thicket shelter of gazelles.
This is a shelter sense distinct from a cave or cavern in a mountain.
- Lane · entry 30123
غَارٌ
The interior of the mouth, including the hollow or upper portion behind the palate.
The term is variously applied to the inner mouth and the paired regions of the palate and lower corresponding area.
- Lane · entry 30123
الغَارَانِ
The sockets or bones in which the eyes are set.
Used in the dual for the paired ocular sockets.
- Lane · entry 30123
الغَارَانِ
The belly and pudendum, or the mouth and pudendum.
A conventional dual expression for two bodily openings or appetites.
- Lane · entry 30123
غَارٌ
An army or a numerous company or body of men.
The word may denote either a military force or a large assembled group.
- Lane · entry 30123
غَارٌ
The bay or laurel tree, whose leaves are aromatic and whose fruit and oil are used medicinally or otherwise.
A botanical noun, distinct from the cave sense; it is treated as a noun of unity.
- Lane · entry 30123
غَارٌ
The leaves of the grapevine.
A separate botanical application reported for the same form.
- Lane · entry 30123
غَوْرٌ
The bottom or lowest part of a thing, and its depth.
This direct nominal sense is broader than the Quranic use describing water as sunken.
- Lane · entry 30124
غَائِرَةٌ
A midday nap or siesta; also the middle of the day.
The noun is used for the rest taken at midday and, by extension or usage, for the midday period itself.
- Lane · entry 30131
غَائِرَةٌ
The place or direction of sunrise, in an expression for facing east.
An assumed tropical expression describing the orientation of a house or tent.
- Lane · entry 30131
غَارَةٌ
A going away into a country or land.
A verbal noun or quasi-verbal noun corresponding to the movement expressed by the associated verb.
- Lane · entry 30126
غَارَةٌ
A troop of horsemen making a raid or sudden attack.
The noun can denote the raiding force itself, not only the incursion carried out by it.
- Lane · entry 30126
الغَارَةُ
The navel.
The designation is explained as referring to the navel's depth.
- Lane · entry 30126
غِيرَةٌ
Abundance of the produce of the earth, rain, or provisions.
This noun is associated with مِيرَةٌ, provisions, and with bestowed agricultural abundance or rainfall.
- Lane · entry 30128
مَغَارٌ
A place of entrance, or a place where something is sought.
Used in the contrast between entering or seeking in an appropriate place and doing so in an unsuitable one.
- Lane · entry 30132
مُغَارٌ
A place of a raid or sudden attack.
A locative noun derived from the hostile-incursion branch.
- Lane · entry 30133
مُغَارٌ
A horse strong or compact in build, especially strong in its joints.
The description is figurative, as though the horse were tightly twisted or made compact.
- Lane · entry 30133
مُغِيرٌ
A horse swift or vehement in running.
The participial noun is applied especially to a horse characterized by rapid movement.
- Lane · entry 30133
- Lane · entry 30134
مِغْوَارٌ
A fighting man, especially one who frequently takes part in raids.
The related plural may denote raiders or men occupied with repeated incursions.
- Lane · entry 30137
الغَوْرَةُ
The sun.
A lexical noun used as a designation for the sun.
- Lane · entry 30127
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The Quranic plural مَغَارَاتٍ is normalized to the singular dictionary citation form مَغَارَةٌ.
The form غَوْرٌ has a broader Classical sense of depth or low land, but its Quranic occurrences specifically describe water as sunken or gone down into the ground.
Unassigned or ambiguous evidence
The packet's input_integrity reports 84 Lane primary source units, while the supplied source_units contain 81 explicit unit_id records; all explicit unit_ids supplied in the packet are represented in the coverage ledger.