Quranic root
مرض
m · r · ḍ
A departure from the proper state of health, soundness, or rectitude.
The root extends from bodily illness to figurative disorder of the heart, belief, intellect, or conduct. Its derived forms also express causing illness, caring for the sick, feigning illness, and weakness or deficiency.
- Maqāyīs · row 4348
- Mufradāt · row 1359
- 3
- Quran-attested forms
- 3
- Quran senses
- 24
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
مَرِضَ
mariḍa
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form I
- Form
- I
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To be or become physically ill or diseased.
Used of a person or animal entering the state of illness.
- Lane · entry 12540
Selected Quran examples
Quran 26:80word 2
“I am ill”
مَرَضٌ
maraḍun
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 13 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
A figurative disease of the heart: doubt, hypocrisy, weakness of belief, or another spiritual or moral defect.
In the Quranic heart construction, the term describes departure from soundness in belief, intention, or conduct rather than bodily illness.
- Lane · entry 12547
- Mufradāt · row 1359
Selected Quran examples
Quran 2:10word 3
“(is) a disease”
مَرِيضٌ
marīḍun
- Part of speech
- Active participle · adjective
- Quran occurrences
- 10 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Physically sick, ill, or weakened.
An adjective or substantivized active participle describing an ill person or persons; the Quran also uses its plural مَرْضَىٰ.
- Lane · entry 12551
- Mufradāt · row 1359
Selected Quran examples
Quran 2:184word 6
“sick”
Quran 24:61word 11
“the sick”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 2:10مَّرَضٌۭ(is) a disease
- 2:10مَرَضًۭا ۖ(in) disease
- 2:184مَّرِيضًاsick
- 2:185مَرِيضًاsick
- 2:196مَّرِيضًاill
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 26 Classical meanings
مَرِضَ
Of an eye: to become languid, weak, or weakened from excessive looking.
A figurative use applied to the eye.
- Lane · entry 12540
مَرِضَ
Of a night: to become dark.
A figurative description of a dark night.
- Lane · entry 12540
مَرَّضَ
To care for a sick person, treat the illness, or manage the person's medical treatment.
Form II transitive construction.
- Lane · entry 12541
مَرَّضَ
To fall short, be remiss, or fail to exert oneself fully in an affair; to do something weakly or feebly.
Used with an affair, a person's need, or speech.
- Lane · entry 12541
صِيغَةُ التَّمْرِيضِ
A manner of reporting or relating something that implies doubt or presents it as a mere assertion.
A reported, probably post-classical expression; the lexical status is marked as tentative in the source.
- Lane · entry 12541
مَارَضَ
To deceive oneself, or try to deceive oneself, concerning another person.
Form III construction مَارَضْتُ رَأْيِي فِيكَ.
- Lane · entry 12542
أَمْرَضَ
To have a disease, bane, or murrain among one's beasts or camels.
A causative Form IV use with livestock as the affected class.
- Lane · entry 12543
أَمْرَضَ
To render someone sick or cause something to bring about illness.
Includes a person being made sick and food causing illness.
- Lane · entry 12543
أَمْرَضَ
To find or judge someone to be sick.
A Form IV use expressing assessment rather than causation.
- Lane · entry 12543
إِمْرَاضُ الأَجْفَانِ
The lowering of the eyelids in a languid or languishing manner.
A figurative nominal construction concerning the eyelids.
- Lane · entry 12543
أَمْرَضَ
To come near being right in one's opinion, without being wholly right.
An intransitive, figurative Form IV use.
- Lane · entry 12543
أَمْرَضَ
To come near attaining another person's desired object or need.
A transitive figurative construction, as in approaching fulfillment of someone's request.
- Lane · entry 12543
تَمَرَّضَ
To be weak or feeble in one's affair.
The source also allows a possible interpretation of feigning or falsely displaying weakness.
- Lane · entry 12544
تَمَارَضَ
To feign illness or make a false show of disease in oneself.
Form VI reflexive or reciprocal-pattern use.
- Lane · entry 12545
مَرَضٌ
Bodily disease, disorder, sickness, or illness; a condition outside the normal state of health.
Classical bodily use of the noun, distinct from the Quranic heart-related usage listed above.
- Lane · entry 12547
مَرْضَةٌ
A single disease or illness.
The singulative noun for one instance of disease.
- Lane · entry 12549
مُرَاضٌ
A disease or blight that affects and destroys fruit.
A technical agricultural use.
- Lane · entry 12550
مَرِيضٌ
Of an eye or gaze: languid or weak in sight.
Figurative adjectival use; the source's illustrative person does not restrict the meaning by gender.
- Lane · entry 12551
مَرِيضٌ
Of a heart: deficient in religion.
Figurative spiritual use of the adjective in Classical Arabic.
- Lane · entry 12551
مَرِيضٌ
Of the sun or wind: weak, dim, languid, or still; of the wind, intensely hot while blowing feebly.
Figurative descriptions of weakened or impaired atmospheric phenomena.
- Lane · entry 12551
مَرِيضٌ
Of land: troubled by dissension, conflict, war, or slaughter; weak or straitened; or unhealthy because of its air.
Figurative adjectival descriptions of a land's condition.
- Lane · entry 12551
مَرِيضٌ
Of a night: dark or clouded, with no visible star or light.
Figurative adjectival use describing a night lacking illumination.
- Lane · entry 12551
مَرِيضٌ
Of an opinion: deviating from what is right.
Figurative description of defective judgment.
- Lane · entry 12551
مُمْرِضٌ
A person whose camels are diseased.
A technical livestock-related active participle.
- Lane · entry 12553
مِمْرَاضٌ
A person who is frequently diseased or sick.
An intensive nominal pattern describing recurrent illness.
- Lane · entry 12554
مُتَمَرِّضٌ
A person weak or feeble in his affair.
Figurative adjectival use.
- Lane · entry 12556
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The Quranic occurrences of مَرَضٌ supplied here are heart-related and support the figurative spiritual sense; its bodily noun use is kept under broader Classical Arabic meanings.
The QAC verb occurrence is an inflected first-person form, normalized here to the Classical citation form مَرِضَ. The Form V weakness/feigned-weakness alternative remains explicitly marked as uncertain in the Classical entry.