Quranic root
حيق
ḥ · y · q
The root expresses one thing descending upon or settling upon another, especially as an adverse consequence that besets its object.
The basic notion of descent develops into the verb حاقَ بِهِ for evil or punishment enclosing, afflicting, or befalling someone, and into حَيْقٌ for the consequence that comes upon a person.
- Maqāyīs · row 1493
- Mufradāt · row 286
- 1
- Quran-attested forms
- 2
- Quran senses
- 10
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
حَاقَ
ḥāqa
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form I
- Form
- I
- Quran occurrences
- 10 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To surround, encompass, encircle, or beset.
Used in the Quranic construction حاقَ بـ, especially of evil, punishment, or another harmful force enclosing or besetting its object.
- Lane · entry 16358
Selected Quran examples
Quran 35:43word 7
“encompasses”
To befall, come upon, or become due to someone.
In حاقَ بـ, the harmful consequence is understood as descending upon the object and becoming its due; this overlaps with the sense of besetting but foregrounds the consequence's occurrence.
- Lane · entry 16358
- Mufradāt · row 286
Selected Quran examples
Quran 11:8word 17
“and will surround”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 6:10فَحَاقَbut surrounded
- 11:8وَحَاقَand will surround
- 16:34وَحَاقَand surrounded
- 21:41فَحَاقَthen surrounded
- 35:43يَحِيقُencompasses
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 4 Classical meanings
حَايَقَهُ
To envy or hate someone.
Form III verb.
- Lane · entry 16359
أَحْيَقَ
To cause an artifice or harmful consequence to beset or befall someone.
A causative construction in which an artifice is made to return upon and affect its intended object.
- Lane · entry 16360
حَاقُ الجُوعِ
The vehemence or intensity of hunger.
A lexical expression referring specifically to the severity of hunger.
- Lane · entry 16361
حَيْقٌ
What besets or befalls a person as a consequence of an artifice or evil deed that they have committed.
Noun denoting the adverse consequence itself, rather than the verbal action of its befalling someone.
- Lane · entry 16362