Quranic root
خدد
kh · d · d
A downward extension or elongated incision, producing the related ideas of cheek, furrow, trench, groove, and wasting or wrinkling flesh.
The root develops from the notion of something extending or being drawn downward: the cheek is a lateral facial extension, while a furrow or trench is an elongated incision in the ground. Further derivatives describe marks, grooves, leanness, and division into distinct bodies.
- Maqāyīs · row 1528
- 2
- Quran-attested forms
- 2
- Quran senses
- 2
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
أُخْدُود
ʾukhdūd
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
An elongated furrow, trench, or deep excavated hollow in the ground; in the Quranic usage, the fire-filled trench into which believers were cast.
The Quranic occurrence refers specifically to the trench associated with the people of the trench; the broader lexical sense includes a deep fissure, channel, hole, cavity, or pit in the ground.
- Lane · entry 18514
- Mufradāt · row 392
Selected Quran examples
Quran 85:4word 3
“(of) the pit”
خَدّ
khadd
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
The cheek: the lateral part of the face on either side of the nose and mouth.
In the Quranic occurrence it is the cheek whose turning away from people is prohibited. The supplied QAC analysis identifies the form as a noun, despite its surface spelling resembling a verbal form.
- Lane · entry 18510
- Mufradāt · row 392
Selected Quran examples
Quran 31:18word 3
“your cheek”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
View all 2 occurrencesBroader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 22 Classical meanings
خَدَّ
To furrow, trench, or cleave the ground; of a torrent, to furrow the ground by its course.
A transitive ground-cutting use, with a corresponding use for a torrent cutting the ground by flowing.
- Lane · entry 18505
خَدَّ
To mark, score, or impress a thing, leaving a line, furrow, or other impression.
The meaning includes marks made upon the ground or upon a cheek, without restricting the use to any particular marking agent.
- Lane · entry 18505
خَدَّ
To cleave or cut a thing.
The cleaving use is also attested of an animal cutting with a tusk.
- Lane · entry 18505
خَدَّدَ
For flesh to contract, wrinkle, waste, become flaccid, or show furrow-like streaks; to render someone lean, wasted, or impaired in condition.
The flesh use describes wasting and wrinkling; extended uses describe travel or adverse conditions producing leanness or deterioration.
- Lane · entry 18506
خَادَّهُ
To oppose or resist another, including by becoming angry against him and opposing his work or conduct.
A reciprocal or adversarial opposition is expressed toward another person.
- Lane · entry 18507
تَخَدَّدَ
For the ground to become furrowed or cleft by a torrent.
An intransitive resultative use describing ground cut by flowing water.
- Lane · entry 18508
تَخَدَّدَ
For people to become divided into distinct bodies or parties.
A figurative social use describing separation into recognizable groups.
- Lane · entry 18508
تَخَادَّا
To oppose one another.
A reciprocal opposition between two or more parties.
- Lane · entry 18509
خَدّ
A plank forming one of the side boards of a howdah or similar vehicle.
A specialized object sense, with the plural forms خِدَاد and خِدَّان also reported.
- Lane · entry 18510
خَدّ
A side or lateral portion of rugged elevated ground.
The geographical sense extends the side-or-face notion to land and other things by figurative usage.
- Lane · entry 18510
- Mufradāt · row 392
خَدّ
An assembly, company, rank, class, race, or generation of people.
It can denote a congregated body or successive ranks or generations, as in rank after rank.
- Lane · entry 18510
خَدّ
A road.
A nominal geographical use distinct from the facial sense.
- Lane · entry 18510
خِدَاد
A mark made with a hot iron upon the cheek of a camel.
A branding-mark term associated specifically with the cheek.
- Lane · entry 18513
أُخْدُود
A rivulet or streamlet.
A watercourse sense related to a channel or furrow.
- Lane · entry 18514
أَخَادِيد
The main, middle, or open tracks of a road.
The track sense is explained as arising from the furrows made by the feet of people or animals.
- Lane · entry 18514
أَخَادِيد
Furrows, grooves, or marks, including grooves made by well-ropes and furrows left by whips.
These are elongated marks or channels produced by drawing, repeated movement, or striking.
- Lane · entry 18514
ضَرْبَةٌ أُخْدُود
A blow, stroke, or beating that furrows the skin.
A conventional expression for a striking action whose result is a furrowed mark.
- Lane · entry 18514
مِخَدّ
A canine tooth or tush; each of the two tushes.
The singular denotes one tooth, while the pair is termed مِخَدَّان.
- Lane · entry 18515
مِخَدَّة
A pillow or cushion.
The object is so named because it is placed beneath the cheek.
- Lane · entry 18516
مِخَدَّة
An iron implement used to furrow, trench, or cleave the ground.
A tool sense derived from the action of making a furrow.
- Lane · entry 18516
مَخْدُود
A camel bearing the cheek-mark called خِدَاد.
A passive-participial description of an animal marked on the cheek.
- Lane · entry 18517
مُتَخَدِّد
Lean or emaciated, with little flesh; also describing a body that is wasted and furrowed or wrinkled.
An adjectival description of wasting and the resulting furrowed appearance of the body.
- Lane · entry 18518
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The Classical evidence notes a possible transcription issue in the plural form cited for the road-track usage; the lexical track meaning is retained without resolving that textual variant.