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Quranic root

خضر

kh · ḍ · r

The root centers on greenness, verdure, and the color green.

The color term extends to dark, dusky, or blackish hues because luxuriant, moisture-rich vegetation can appear dark from a distance. Related developments include freshness, tenderness, verdure, abundance, and several idiomatic uses.

  • Maqāyīs · row 1602
  • Mufradāt · row 415
3
Quran-attested forms
4
Quran senses
8
Quran occurrences

Forms in the Quran

The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.

أَخْضَر

ʾakhḍar

Part of speech
Adjective
Quran occurrences
6 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Green; of the green color, including green-colored objects or garments.

    The plural خُضْر is used substantivally or adjectivally for multiple green things. In Arabic color terminology, intense greenness may shade toward a dark or blackish appearance.

    • Lane · entry 19403
    • Mufradāt · row 415
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 12:43word 13

    green

    Quran 12:46word 14

    green

    Quran 36:80word 6

    [the] green

مُخْضَرّ

mukhḍarr

Part of speech
Active participle
Quran occurrences
1 occurrence

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Green or verdant, having become green.

    The Quranic feminine form مُخْضَرَّة describes the earth as green and verdant, with greenness associated with moisture and growing vegetation.

    • Lane · entry 19382
    • Mufradāt · row 415
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 22:63word 11

    green

خَضِر

khaḍir

Part of speech
Adjective / substantivized noun
Quran occurrences
1 occurrence

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Green vegetation; a green plant, or green branch.

    The Quranic occurrence is substantival and refers to green plant growth produced from the rain.

    • Lane · entry 19388
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 6:99word 14

    green plant

  2. Verdant or rich in vegetation, especially of a place or land.

    A reported Quranic reading applies the feminine form to verdant land; the historical citation is not converted here into a modern verse location.

    • Lane · entry 19388

Occurrences in the Quran

Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.

  • 6:99خَضِرًۭاgreen plant
  • 12:43خُضْرٍۢgreen
  • 12:46خُضْرٍۢgreen
  • 18:31خُضْرًۭاgreen
  • 22:63مُخْضَرَّةً ۗgreen
View all 8 occurrences

Broader Classical Arabic meanings

Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.

Show 41 Classical meanings
  • خَضَّرَ

    To make or render something green.

    • Lane · entry 19378
  • خَضَّرَ

    In a tropical idiom, to bless or prosper someone in an art, trade, traffic, or means of subsistence.

    Used in expressions describing a person as blessed in a particular livelihood and therefore advised to remain with it.

    • Lane · entry 19378
  • خَاضَرَ

    To sell fruits before their goodness or soundness has become apparent.

    The construction concerns a prohibited or disapproved sale of fruit before ripeness or reliable quality is manifest.

    • Lane · entry 19379
  • أَخْضَرَ

    Of moisture: to make seed-produce soft or tender.

    The subject is the moisture affecting the produce.

    • Lane · entry 19380
  • اِخْتَضَرَ

    To cut green herbage, a tree, or green branches; also to cut a thing off entirely.

    The source includes cutting herbage while still green and the idiomatic cutting off of a thing such as a nose.

    • Lane · entry 19381
  • اُخْتُضِرَ

    To die young, in one's fresh and flourishing state.

    This is a figurative passive use derived from being cut while still fresh.

    • Lane · entry 19381
  • اِخْتَضَرَ

    To eat fruit while it is green or unripe.

    • Lane · entry 19381
  • اِخْتَضَرَ

    To deflower; in a specified use, to have sexual intercourse before the partner has reached puberty.

    A figurative extension of taking something before its proper maturity.

    • Lane · entry 19381
  • اِخْتَضَرَ

    To take an untrained, refractory camel, attach its nose-rein, and drive it.

    • Lane · entry 19381
  • اِخْتَضَرَ

    To take up a load or burden.

    • Lane · entry 19381
  • اِخْضَرَّ

    To become dark, blackish, or dusky; to take on a green-black hue.

    Used of colors, night, darkness, and other things whose intense or mixed hue is described through the traditional association between green and black.

    • Lane · entry 19382
  • اِخْضَرَّ

    To enter a state of plenty or prosperity.

    A tropical expression describes the skin as becoming green from carrying the produce of one's land.

    • Lane · entry 19382
  • اِخْضَرَّ

    Of seed-produce: to become soft or tender.

    • Lane · entry 19382
  • اِخْضَرَّ

    Of herbage: to be cut.

    This is a separately reported use of the Form IX expression, with a possible passive interpretation.

    • Lane · entry 19382
  • خَضْرٌ / خَضْرَةٌ / خَضَارٌ

    Fresh green herbage, tender trees or branches, and herbs in the first stage of growth.

    The terms can denote herbage that is fresh-cut, soft, or still early in its growth.

    • Lane · entry 19384
    • Lane · entry 19389
    • Lane · entry 19393
  • خِضْرٌ

    Fresh, juicy, delicate, pleasant, or enjoyable in idiomatic expressions.

    The idioms may describe an acquisition as obtained without payment or in a fresh state, worldly goods as delicate and pleasant, or warfare as fresh and loved because of its victory and spoil.

    • Lane · entry 19386
  • خِضْرٌ

    Unrevenged or unexpiated, of blood that has gone without retaliation or compensation.

    Used in the expression for blood that has gone unavenged; the accompanying word is an imitative sequent.

    • Lane · entry 19386
  • خَضَرٌ

    A green palm branch, with or without its leaves.

    • Lane · entry 19387
  • خُضْرَةٌ

    Greenness, verdure, or the green color; also a dark, ashy, tawny, or blackish hue in traditional color terminology.

    The color term may be applied to plants, animals, people, water, garments, and other things; its exact shade varies by object and context.

    • Lane · entry 19390
  • خُضْرَةٌ

    Softness, tenderness, freshness, juiciness, or pleasant edibility of produce.

    This is an abstract and descriptive extension of the condition of fresh, tender vegetation or produce.

    • Lane · entry 19390
  • خُضْرِيَّةٌ

    A palm tree bearing good green dates; also a kind of admired green date resembling glass.

    • Lane · entry 19392
  • خَضَارٌ

    Milk mixed with a large quantity of water, becoming dark or ashy in color.

    The term may refer to fresh or stored milk diluted approximately to one part milk and two parts water, according to one explanation.

    • Lane · entry 19393
  • خُضَارَةٌ

    The sea.

    A tropical or proper-name use motivated by the sea's described green appearance; it is treated as a separate lexical use from ordinary greenness.

    • Lane · entry 19397
  • خَضِيرَةٌ

    A palm tree whose dates fall while still unripe and green.

    • Lane · entry 19398
  • خُضَيْرَةٌ

    A woman who scarcely ever completes a pregnancy and casts its product.

    A tropical lexical use of the diminutive form.

    • Lane · entry 19399
  • خُضَارِيٌّ / خُضَّارٌ

    A particular green or dark-ashy bird, also called the akhyal or qāriya in the reported descriptions.

    The sources differ over whether the bird was regarded as a good or evil omen.

    • Lane · entry 19400
    • Lane · entry 19401
  • خُضَارِيٌّ

    The shrub or tree called رِمْث when it has grown tall.

    • Lane · entry 19400
  • الخَضِر / خُضَّارَى

    A particular green herb or plant, including a rough leguminous herb and another named plant.

    The descriptions distinguish these plants from slender, succulent herbs and identify some as deep-rooted pasture plants.

    • Lane · entry 19388
    • Lane · entry 19402
  • أَخْضَرُ

    In extended descriptive and idiomatic uses: tawny, brownish, blackish, or black; of pure Arab lineage when describing skin; and, in one expression, a young man whose facial hair has begun to grow.

    These are conventional extensions of the color term and do not replace the ordinary Quranic sense 'green'.

    • Lane · entry 19403
  • الخَضْرَاءُ

    Green herbs, leguminous plants, or fresh fruits and herbs, used substantivally.

    The form appears in expressions concerning produce and its treatment, including a reported statement about alms-tax on such produce.

    • Lane · entry 19403
  • خَضْرَاءُ الدِّمَنِ

    A beautiful woman of bad or corrupt origin.

    A conventional figurative expression comparing attractive growth in polluted dung to beauty arising from a bad upbringing or lineage.

    • Lane · entry 19403
  • الخَضْرَاءُ

    The sky or heaven.

    A tropical substantival use motivated by its apparent greenness.

    • Lane · entry 19403
  • خَضْرَاءُ

    A bucket that has become green or blackish from long use in drawing water.

    • Lane · entry 19403
  • خَضْرَاءُ

    The gathered body, mass, stock, or origin of a people; by extension, their worldly life, prosperity, plenty, or enjoyment.

    Used in an idiom for the collective strength or prosperity of a group. One reported reading instead derives the expression from another root.

    • Lane · entry 19403
  • الخُضْرُ / الخَضْرَاءُ

    Domestic pigeons.

    The name is explained by their predominant ash or greenish coloration even though individual birds may be variously colored.

    • Lane · entry 19403
  • الأَخَاصِرُ

    Gold, flesh-meat, and wine, used as a collective plural expression.

    A tropical substantival use of the plural of أَخْضَرُ.

    • Lane · entry 19403
  • أَخْضَرُ / خَضْرَاءُ

    Fresh or recent; also soft or tender when applied to herbage or produce.

    The abstract adjective can describe a recent affair or fresh affection, as well as tender vegetation.

    • Lane · entry 19403
  • عِيشَةٌ خَضْرَاءُ

    A soft, comfortable, plentiful, and pleasant mode of life.

    A tropical expression for ease and abundance.

    • Lane · entry 19403
  • الأَخْضَرُ

    The name of a particular star or asterism associated with one of the rainy-season anwāʾ.

    The astronomical identification is reported approximately and is distinct from the color adjective.

    • Lane · entry 19403
  • الأُخَيْضِرُ

    Cantharides, a green or dark-ashy medicinal fly.

    A diminutive lexicalized name for the insect, whose medical properties are treated in pharmacological works.

    • Lane · entry 19404
  • الأُخَيْضِرُ

    A particular disease of the eye.

    • Lane · entry 19404

Cautions

Points that affect how this root should be read.

  • The classical color range of أَخْضَر and خُضْر can include dark, dusky, or blackish shades; this does not erase the ordinary Quranic color sense 'green'.

  • A historical Lane Quran citation reported as 'xxii. 62' is not converted into a modern verse location here.