Quranic root
نقم
n · q · m
The root centers on rejecting, disapproving of, or finding fault with something, with punitive retribution as a developed response to what is condemned.
The semantic movement runs from verbal or inward disapproval to the infliction of punishment or penal retribution.
- Maqāyīs · row 4735
- Mufradāt · row 1479
- 4
- Quran-attested forms
- 5
- Quran senses
- 17
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
نَقَمَ
naqama
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form I
- Form
- I
- Quran occurrences
- 4 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To resent, object to, or find fault with someone or something.
The Quran uses this for expressing disapproval, including constructions in which a person is resented or faulted for a particular circumstance or belief.
- Mufradāt · row 1479
Selected Quran examples
To take punitive revenge upon someone; to punish for an act.
This is the punitive realization of disapproval, distinct from merely voicing objection; the object may be introduced with مِنْ or عَلَى/عَلَيْهِ.
- Lane · entry 32385
- Mufradāt · row 1479
Selected Quran examples
Quran 7:126word 2
“you take revenge”
اِنْتَقَمَ
āintaqama
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form VIII
- Form
- VIII
- Quran occurrences
- 6 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To exact retribution upon someone; to punish for wrongdoing.
A punitive construction commonly takes مِنْهُ or عَلَيْهِ and may specify the deed for which retribution is imposed.
- Lane · entry 32386
- Mufradāt · row 1479
Selected Quran examples
Quran 15:79word 1
“So We took retribution”
Quran 30:47word 10
“then We took retribution”
Quran 43:25word 1
“So We took retribution”
Quran 43:55word 3
“We took retribution”
مُنْتَقِم
muntaqim
- Part of speech
- Active participle
- Quran occurrences
- 3 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
One who exacts retribution or punishes.
An active participle of Form VIII, used substantivally or predicatively for an agent characterized by punitive retribution.
- Lane · entry 32386
- Mufradāt · row 1479
Selected Quran examples
Quran 32:22word 13
“(will) take retribution”
Quran 43:41word 6
“(will) take retribution”
اِنْتِقَام
āintiqām
- Part of speech
- Verbal noun
- Quran occurrences
- 4 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
The exacting of retribution; penal retribution or punishment.
The verbal noun of Form VIII, denoting the act or occurrence of punitive retribution.
- Lane · entry 32386
- Mufradāt · row 1479
Selected Quran examples
Quran 3:4word 18
“(of) retribution”
Quran 5:95word 50
“(of) Retribution”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 3:4ٱنتِقَامٍ(of) retribution
- 5:59تَنقِمُونَyou resent
- 5:95فَيَنتَقِمُthen will take retribution
- 5:95ٱنتِقَامٍ(of) Retribution
- 7:126تَنقِمُyou take revenge
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 1 Classical meanings
نِقْمَةٌ
Vengeance or penal retribution.
A classical noun for vengeance or punishment, lexically distinct from the Quran-attested Form VIII verbal noun اِنْتِقَام.
- Lane · entry 32387
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
Form I has closely related Quranic uses ranging from expressed resentment or fault-finding to punitive revenge; translation varies with the construction and context.
The Form I public citation form is normalized to نَقَمَ; the lexical evidence also records the vocalic variant نَقِمَ.