Quranic root
عنق
ʿ · n · q
A root principle of extension: something stretches either upward in elevation or outward in motion.
The physical neck represents extension between head and body; this develops into meanings of length, elevation, forward movement, emergence, connection, and an assembled company.
- Maqāyīs · row 3330
- 1
- Quran-attested forms
- 3
- Quran senses
- 9
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
عُنُقٌ
ʿunuqun
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 9 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
The neck: the bodily part joining the head and the body.
Used literally of a person's or creature's neck, including in expressions about chains, striking, or a person's liability being attached to the neck.
- Lane · entry 5033
- Mufradāt · row 1018
Selected Quran examples
The head or upper part of a person, by metonymy from the neck.
In the Quranic construction فَوْقَ الْأَعْنَاقِ, “above the necks,” the necks are explained as the heads; this is a construction-specific metonymic use, not a general replacement of “neck” by “head.”
- Mufradāt · row 1018
Selected Quran examples
Quran 8:12word 19
“the necks”
A company, or the leading and eminent people of a group.
In فَظَلَّتْ أَعْنَاقُهُمْ لَهَا خَاضِعِينَ, the plural may be understood as their companies or their chiefs and great ones; a literal interpretation as their necks is also reported.
- Lane · entry 5033
- Mufradāt · row 1018
Selected Quran examples
Quran 26:4word 9
“their necks”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 8:12ٱلْأَعْنَاقِthe necks
- 13:5أَعْنَاقِهِمْ ۖtheir necks
- 17:13عُنُقِهِۦ ۖhis neck
- 17:29عُنُقِكَyour neck
- 26:4أَعْنَـٰقُهُمْtheir necks
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 69 Classical meanings
عَنِقَ
To be or become long in the neck; according to one reported explanation, to be long and thick-necked.
A Form I verb describing the neck's physical length or thickness.
- Lane · entry 5023
عَنَقٌ
Length of the neck.
A nominal description of neck length.
- Lane · entry 5031
عَنَّقَ عَلَيْهِ
To proceed while looking down upon something, or to come into view from above.
A Form II construction involving movement and an elevated or overlooking position.
- Lane · entry 5024
عَنَّقَتِ السَّحَابَةُ
For a cloud to emerge from the main mass of clouds and appear white in the sunlight.
A conventional description of a cloud's emergence into view.
- Lane · entry 5024
عَنَّقَتْ أَسْتُهُ
For the buttocks or anus to protrude.
An intransitive bodily-use expression.
- Lane · entry 5024
عَنَّقَتْ كَوَافِيرُ النَّخْلِ
For the spathes of palm trees to become long without splitting open.
A botanical Form II use.
- Lane · entry 5024
عَنَّقَتِ الْبُسْرَةُ
For a partly colored date to ripen nearly to its base, leaving a ring-like remainder around the stem.
A specialized description of date ripening.
- Lane · entry 5024
عَنَّقَهُ
To seize someone or an animal by the neck and squeeze the throat.
A transitive Form II action; in a reported prophetic expression it may also be interpreted as distressing or treating the creature roughly.
- Lane · entry 5024
عَنَّقَهُ
To disappoint someone or thwart what the person sought.
A distinct reported explanation of the same Form II verb, connected lexically with العَنَاقُ.
- Lane · entry 5024
عَانَقَهُ
To embrace someone, putting the arms around the neck and drawing or pressing the person to oneself.
The reciprocal forms describe mutual embracing; some authorities distinguish affectionate عناق from the war-related use of reciprocal forms, while others allow both in either setting.
- Lane · entry 5025
أَعْنَقَهُ
To put a collar or other neck-band upon an animal.
Especially used of putting a collar on a dog.
- Lane · entry 5026
أَعْنَقَ
To travel at a quick, stretching pace with wide steps; to hasten.
Used of a horse or similar animal and, by extension, of people hastening toward someone or something.
- Lane · entry 5026
أَعْنَقَتِ الْبِلَادُ
For countries to be or become distant or remote.
A reported regional or lexical use of the intransitive Form IV verb.
- Lane · entry 5026
أَعْنَقَتِ الثُّرَيَّا
For the Pleiades to set; for stars to advance toward their setting place.
A marked astronomical or figurative use.
- Lane · entry 5026
أَعْنَقَ الزَّرْعُ
For corn or grain to become tall and put forth its ears.
A figurative botanical use based on the appearance of a neck or extended growth.
- Lane · entry 5026
أَعْنَقَتِ الرِّيحُ
For the wind to raise, carry away, and disperse dust.
A figurative use associated with rapid sweeping movement.
- Lane · entry 5026
تَعَنَّقَ
For a jerboa or hare to insert its head and neck into, or hide in, its burrow.
Used with the burrow called عَانِقَاءُ and describing concealment by pushing the head and neck into loose earth.
- Lane · entry 5027
اِعْتَنَقَ
To put chains upon one's own neck.
A conventional expression for self-imposed bondage or ascetic restraint.
- Lane · entry 5029
اِعْتَنَقَ الْأَمْرَ
To take up an affair with earnestness and commitment.
A transitive idiomatic use with an affair or undertaking as object.
- Lane · entry 5029
اِعْتَنَقَتِ الدَّابَّةُ
For an animal to fall into mire and thrust out its neck.
An intransitive description of an animal struggling in mud.
- Lane · entry 5029
اِعْتَنَقَتِ الرِّيحُ بِالتُّرَابِ
For the wind to raise and disperse dust.
A reported figurative Form VIII use connected with the wide-striding pace called عَنَق.
- Lane · entry 5029
عَنَقٌ
A stretching or quick pace with wide steps.
Used particularly of horses and camels, and also of their manner of travel generally.
- Lane · entry 5031
عُنُقُ الْحَيَّةِ
A star situated in the neck of the constellation Serpens; the expression is also used of a star in Hydra's neck.
An astronomical naming use based on the neck of a figured constellation.
- Lane · entry 5033
عُنُقُ الرَّحِمِ
The slender neck of the womb toward the vaginal opening.
A specialized anatomical construction.
- Lane · entry 5033
عُنُقُ الْكَرِشِ
The lower portion of a ruminant's stomach.
A specialized anatomical term, also called القِبَّةُ.
- Lane · entry 5033
أَعْنَاقُ النَّخْلِ
The trunks or elongated lower portions of palm trees.
A figurative plural use based on the shape of a neck.
- Lane · entry 5033
أَعْنَاقُ الْحَبِّ
The internodal portions of the stalks of seed crops that have appeared.
A botanical expression describing elongated portions of grain stalks.
- Lane · entry 5033
أَعْنَاقُ الرِّيحِ
The portions of dust raised by the wind.
A figurative plural expression for dust columns or masses borne upward by wind.
- Lane · entry 5033
عُنُقٌ مِنَ النَّارِ
A portion or projecting mass issuing from a fire.
A figurative expression recorded in a tradition and based on the image of an extended neck.
- Lane · entry 5033
عُنُقٌ مِنَ النَّهْرِ
A current or projecting stream issuing from a river or rivulet.
A figurative expression for an extended portion of flowing water.
- Lane · entry 5033
عُنُقُ الصَّيْفِ
The first or early part of a season, a person's age, a period, or a historical era.
Used in expressions such as the beginning of summer, the beginning of a person's sixtieth year, or the early period of time or Islam.
- Lane · entry 5033
عُنُقٌ
The upper portion of an elevated, elongated tract of sand or similar terrain.
A geographic and topographical use derived from the form of a neck.
- Lane · entry 5033
يَأْخُذُ بَعْضُهُ بِأَعْنَاقِ بَعْضٍ
To be coherent or tightly connected, said of speech or language.
An idiomatic figurative expression in which the parts of speech are pictured as taking hold of one another's necks.
- Lane · entry 5033
هُمْ عُنُقٌ إِلَيْكَ
To incline or advance toward someone as a company.
An idiomatic expression for a group approaching or looking expectantly toward a person.
- Lane · entry 5033
عُنُقٌ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ
A portion or share of good, property, or work.
The expression may refer to a person's share or precedence in good works.
- Lane · entry 5033
عَنَاقٌ
A female kid or young goat; by extension, a young lamb or kid.
The age range varies among authorities, from newborn or very young to roughly one year; the plural includes عُنُوقٌ.
- Lane · entry 5034
عَنَاقُ الْأَرْضِ
A small predatory land animal, described as smaller than a leopard or lynx and resembling a badger in some applications.
A zoological term with differing identifications in the lexical sources.
- Lane · entry 5034
العَنَاقُ
The middle star of the three stars called Banāt Naʿsh al-Kubrā in the tail of Ursa Major.
An astronomical proper name, distinct from the zoological and abstract uses of the word.
- Lane · entry 5034
عَنَاقُ الْأَرْضِ
A star identified by some as the star in the leg or foot of Andromeda.
A separate astronomical application of the expression.
- Lane · entry 5034
عَنَاقٌ
A calamity, misfortune, hard affair, or difficult event; in an idiom, an exorbitant lie.
Used in expressions describing someone as having encountered calamity or a hard matter, or as having uttered an extravagant falsehood.
- Lane · entry 5034
عَنَاقٌ
Disappointment or failure to obtain what was sought.
Attested in poetic and proverbial expressions such as returning with disappointment.
- Lane · entry 5034
عَنَاقٌ
A stony tract or stony ground.
A geographic use equated with حَرَّةٌ.
- Lane · entry 5034
عَنَاقٌ
The poor-rate assessed as two years' due.
A reported use in an early statement about withholding alms; another transmission has عِقَالًا, meaning one year's poor-rate.
- Lane · entry 5034
عَنِيقٌ
Embracing, with the arms placed around another's neck.
An adjectival or descriptive form for the act or its manner; the corresponding verb is عَانَقَ.
- Lane · entry 5035
ذَوَاتُ الْعَنِيقِ
A sort of dates.
A specialized expression, with the reading of the headword noted as uncertain in the lexical discussion.
- Lane · entry 5036
يَوْمُ عَانِقٍ
A famous day or conflict in Arab history.
A fixed historical name rather than a productive ordinary noun phrase.
- Lane · entry 5038
عَانِقَاءُ
A jerboa's burrow or chamber filled with earth or dust, in which the animal conceals itself up to the neck.
The term may also be applied to a comparable hare burrow; it belongs to the vocabulary of animal burrows.
- Lane · entry 5039
أَعْنَقُ
Long-necked; according to another explanation, long and thick-necked.
Applied to people and other creatures; the feminine is عَنْقَاءُ.
- Lane · entry 5040
أَعْنَقُ
Having a white marking on the neck.
A specialized application to a dog.
- Lane · entry 5040
أَعْنَقُ
A proper name associated with a famous Arab stallion and, in another report, with a wealthy headman; بنات أَعْنَقَ may refer to the stallion's progeny or to women associated with the name.
An onomastic and genealogical use, with variant identifications reported in the lexical tradition.
- Lane · entry 5040
عَنْقَاءُ
A legendary or unidentifiable bird known chiefly by its name.
The expression عَنْقَاءُ مُغْرِبٍ is also explained as a fabulous bird, sometimes identified speculatively with an eagle or the Persian sīmurgh.
- Lane · entry 5040
عَنْقَاءُ مُغْرِبٌ
A calamity or misfortune that carries a person away.
A figurative idiom derived from the legendary bird expression; it is also used simply for a great calamity.
- Lane · entry 5040
عَنْقَاءُ
A high, long eminence, such as the summit of a mound or the upper part of a tall mountain.
A topographical interpretation of عَنْقَاءُ مُغْرِبٌ that rejects the bird interpretation.
- Lane · entry 5040
تُعْنُوقٌ
A plain or soft tract of land.
The plural is تَعَانِيقُ; vowel variants are reported.
- Lane · entry 5041
مُعْنِقٌ
Hard, elevated ground surrounded by plain or soft land.
A topographical noun describing a raised tract extending lengthwise for about a mile or less.
- Lane · entry 5042
مُعْنِقَةٌ
A lofty place from which to observe.
A place-name or descriptive noun for an elevated lookout.
- Lane · entry 5042
مُعْنِقٌ
A person who hastens in obedience and takes a wide range in his work.
A figurative epithet for a believer in a traditional usage.
- Lane · entry 5042
مُعْنِقَاتٌ
Lying ahead of others, said of elongated sand tracts.
A figurative or descriptive plural use applied to portions of sand dunes.
- Lane · entry 5042
مَعْنَقَةٌ
A curved piece of rock.
A concrete topographical noun.
- Lane · entry 5043
بَلَدٌ مَعْنَقَةٌ
A country in which settlement does not endure because of dryness and barrenness; another report explains it as a distant or remote country.
The sources preserve both the barren-land and remote-country interpretations.
- Lane · entry 5043
مِعْنَقَةٌ
A collar placed around a dog's neck.
A specialized noun for an animal collar.
- Lane · entry 5044
مِعْنَقَةٌ
A small elongated and elevated tract of sand lying before or in front of the main sands.
A topographical term with variant plural formations reported.
- Lane · entry 5044
مِعْنَقِيٌّ
A designation for certain Arab horses.
A singular adjective or nisbah associated with the plural مَعَانِقُ.
- Lane · entry 5045
الْمُعَنَّقَةُ
A small creeping creature marked by neck-rings or whiteness around the neck.
The lexical discussion identifies it with small creatures that gnaw holes in leather water or milk vessels.
- Lane · entry 5046
مُعَنِّقَاتٌ
Long or elongated, applied to forward-stretching sand tracts.
The correctly reported application is to حِبَال, elongated tracts of sand, rather than mountains.
- Lane · entry 5047
الْمُعَنِّقَةُ
Hectic fever.
Explicitly identified as a post-classical usage.
- Lane · entry 5047
مِعْنَاقٌ
One who or that which moves at the good, wide-stepping pace called عَنَق; hence a hastening person or group.
Applied to horses, camels, people, and groups; it may also describe one hastening after a pursued object.
- Lane · entry 5048
مِعْنَاقٌ
A ewe or goat that bears young goats.
A specialized animal epithet, perhaps implying frequent production according to the lexical explanation.
- Lane · entry 5048
مُعْتَنَقٌ
A place where the upper portions of elongated mountain or sand tracts emerge from a mirage.
A topographical noun describing landforms appearing through or beyond the mirage.
- Lane · entry 5050
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
In Quran 26:4, أَعْنَاقُهُمْ has competing interpretations: literal necks, companies, or chiefs and great ones; the company/chiefs sense is explicitly attested but should not erase the literal reading.
The interpretation of فَوْقَ الْأَعْنَاقِ as “above the heads” is specific to that Quranic construction and does not make “head” the ordinary meaning of عُنُقٌ.