Quranic root
قضي
q · ḍ · y
A root orientation toward decisively securing, perfecting, and carrying a matter through to its proper end.
From bringing a matter to completion and enforcing it arise the Quranic uses for completion, decree, judgment, decisive communication, and the fulfillment or termination of a term; related derivatives extend to judgeship, legal decisions, debt claims, and implication.
- Maqāyīs · row 3800
- Mufradāt · row 1190
- 4
- Quran-attested forms
- 9
- Quran senses
- 63
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
قَضَى
qaḍā
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form I
- Form
- I
- Quran occurrences
- 59 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To complete, finish, or fully carry out a matter, act, term, or prescribed rite.
Used for bringing an undertaking, worship rite, appointed period, or affair to completion; the grammatical voice and tense vary across Quranic occurrences.
- Lane · entry 21001
- Mufradāt · row 1190
Selected Quran examples
Quran 2:200word 2
“you complete[d]”
Quran 22:29word 2
“let them end”
To decisively decree, ordain, or command a matter.
Especially used of a divine decree or command, including the decisive willing or ordering of a thing to be.
- Lane · entry 21001
- Mufradāt · row 1190
Selected Quran examples
Quran 17:23word 1
“And has decreed”
To bring something into completed existence, especially by a creative act.
The Quranic creative use presents the object as brought into an ordered, completed state.
- Lane · entry 21001
- Mufradāt · row 1190
Selected Quran examples
Quran 41:12word 1
“Then He completed them”
To judge or decide a matter with final authority.
In judicial use, it can denote adjudicating a matter or deciding between or against parties.
- Lane · entry 21001
- Mufradāt · row 1190
Selected Quran examples
Quran 40:20word 2
“judges”
To communicate or reveal a matter decisively, conveying it as an established decree.
With إِلَى in the Quranic construction قَضَيْنَا إِلَى, it denotes a decisively delivered notification or revelation.
- Lane · entry 21001
- Mufradāt · row 1190
Selected Quran examples
Quran 17:4word 1
“And We decreed”
To bring a life, appointed term, or matter to its end; in death-related usage, to die or cause death.
Death-related expressions include قَضَى نَحْبَهُ and قَضَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْمَوْتَ; قَضَى نَحْبَهُ is also explained as fulfilling a vowed commitment.
- Mufradāt · row 1190
Selected Quran examples
Quran 43:77word 3
“Let put an end”
Quran 28:15word 28
“and killed him”
مَقْضِيّ
maqḍiyy
- Part of speech
- Passive participle
- Quran occurrences
- 2 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Decreed, ordained, or made inevitable; settled for fulfillment.
Describes a matter whose decree or appointed outcome has been decisively fixed.
- Mufradāt · row 1190
Selected Quran examples
Quran 19:21word 15
“decreed.'”
Quran 19:71word 9
“decreed”
قَاضٍ
qāḍin
- Part of speech
- Active participle · substantivized as noun
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
One who judges or decisively decides; a judge.
The active participle is substantivized for a person exercising judgment or issuing a decision.
- Lane · entry 21001
- Mufradāt · row 1190
Selected Quran examples
Quran 20:72word 14
“(are) decreeing”
قَاضِيَة
qāḍiyah
- Part of speech
- Noun · feminine active participle
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
The decisive end; death or a final termination.
A lexicalized feminine active participle used for an ending from which there is no return.
- Mufradāt · row 1190
Selected Quran examples
Quran 69:27word 3
“the end”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 2:117قَضَىٰٓHe decrees
- 2:200قَضَيْتُمyou complete[d]
- 2:210وَقُضِىَand is decreed
- 3:47قَضَىٰٓHe decrees
- 4:65قَضَيْتَyou (have) decided
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 19 Classical meanings
قَضَى
To attain, obtain, or accomplish one's want.
A classical use with a person's need or desired outcome as the object.
- Lane · entry 21001
قَضَى
To pay, discharge, or satisfy a debt, due, claim, or demand.
Used with a debt or due that is fully rendered to its rightful recipient.
- Lane · entry 21001
قَضَى عَنْهُ
To pay or render satisfaction for another person, on that person's behalf or in that person's stead.
A construction with عَنْهُ, also extended figuratively to rendering satisfaction for something.
- Lane · entry 21001
يَقْضِي العَجَبَ
In the idiom, to induce or occasion extreme wonder.
Restricted to the cited idiomatic expression rather than a general standalone meaning.
- Lane · entry 21001
قَاضَاهُ
To cite or bring someone before a judge.
Form III usage describing referral of a person to judicial proceedings.
- Lane · entry 21002
تَقَاضَاهُ الدَّيْنَ
To take or receive a debt from someone.
Form VI debt-receiving construction.
- Lane · entry 21004
انْقَضَى
To pass away, come to an end or to nothing, or become cut off.
An intransitive Form VII use for the ending or disappearance of a thing or period.
- Lane · entry 21005
اقْتَضَى
To require, entail, imply, or necessitate something as its consequence or concomitant.
Form VIII use for what a matter necessarily involves or requires to be conceded.
- Lane · entry 21006
اقْتَضَاهُ حَقَّهُ
To demand one's due from someone.
Form VIII use with a person's due as the object of the demand.
- Lane · entry 21006
اقْتَضَيْتُ مِنْهُ حَقِّي
To take or receive one's due from someone.
Form VIII use for obtaining a due that is owed.
- Lane · entry 21006
اسْتَقْضَى
To demand payment or delivery of one's due or debt.
Form X causative/requesting use, especially with a debt or due.
- Lane · entry 21007
قَضَاء
In legal terminology, performance or make-up of an obligation, opposed to أَدَاء.
A technical legal noun, especially for performing an obligation after its ordinary time or mode.
- Lane · entry 21008
قَضَاء
A decree, ordinance, sentence, or judicial decision.
Nominal usage for an authoritative determination or judgment.
- Lane · entry 21008
قَضَاء
The exercise of the office of a judge, or judgeship.
A technical institutional sense referring to judicial office and its exercise.
- Lane · entry 21008
قَضِيَّة
A thing, affair, matter, case, event, or action.
A general usage; it is also used as a synonym of أَمْر or شَأْن, though its classical lexical status is limited in the cited discussion.
- Lane · entry 21009
قَضِيَّة
A case of law.
Legal and juridical usage.
- Lane · entry 21009
قَضِيَّة كُلِّيَّة
A universal or general prescript, rule, or canon.
Technical usage for a general proposition or rule applying universally.
- Lane · entry 21009
قَضِيَّة
A proposition in logic.
Technical logical usage concerning a statement that can be evaluated as true or false.
- Lane · entry 21009
مُقْتَضَى
An exigence, requirement, or implication; that which an expression indicates.
Used for what a matter or wording necessitates or entails.
- Lane · entry 21010
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The Form I Quran group combines active and passive forms and several constructions; translation depends on the object and construction, not merely on the root.
قَضَى نَحْبَهُ is explained both as fulfilling a self-imposed vow and as dying; the death-related sense is therefore retained with that interpretive nuance.
Lane's historical bracketed Quran citations are not used here as modern verse locations unless the location is independently supplied by QAC.