Quranic root
ترف
t · r · f
The root centers on being specially favoured with pleasant provision and ease, yielding the notions of abundance, comfort, luxury, and indulgence.
The lexical development runs from pleasant nourishment and a life of ease to the person so indulged, and then to the insolence or wrongdoing that may result from such abundance. Separate lexical branches include a novel pleasing gift and terms for an upper-lip protuberance.
- Maqāyīs · row 927
- Mufradāt · row 181
- 2
- Quran-attested forms
- 3
- Quran senses
- 8
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
أَتْرَفَ
ʾatrafa
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form IV
- Form
- IV
- Quran occurrences
- 3 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To grant someone a life of ease, abundance, and luxury; to be given such a life.
A causative Form IV use. The Quranic occurrences include both active forms describing the bestowal of luxury and passive forms describing those who have been given it.
- Lane · entry 16634
- Mufradāt · row 181
Selected Quran examples
Quran 23:33word 10
“while We had given them luxury”
Quran 11:116word 23
“luxury they were given”
Quran 21:13word 6
“you were given luxury”
مُتْرَفٌ
mutrafun
- Part of speech
- Passive participle
- Quran occurrences
- 5 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
A person granted abundant ease, comfort, and luxury; an affluent or indulged person.
A passive participle commonly substantivized and inflected in the plural in Quranic usage, referring to people enjoying received abundance or an affluent way of life.
- Lane · entry 16639
- Mufradāt · row 181
Selected Quran examples
Quran 17:16word 7
“its wealthy people”
Quran 23:64word 4
“their affluent ones”
Quran 56:45word 5
“indulging in affluence”
A privileged chief or leader of a community, especially a leader associated with wrongdoing.
A reported interpretation of the Quranic construction أَمَرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا; this reading foregrounds the influential or corrupt leadership of the affluent class rather than merely its prosperity.
- Lane · entry 16639
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 11:116أُتْرِفُوا۟luxury they were given
- 17:16مُتْرَفِيهَاits wealthy people
- 21:13أُتْرِفْتُمْyou were given luxury
- 23:33وَأَتْرَفْنَـٰهُمْwhile We had given them luxury
- 23:64مُتْرَفِيهِمtheir affluent ones
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 18 Classical meanings
تَرِفَ
To enjoy or lead a plentiful, pleasant, easy, soft, or delicate life.
An intransitive Form I use describing a person's manner of life.
- Lane · entry 16632
تَرِفَ
Of a plant or herbage: to become luxuriant, flourishing, succulent, or fresh through abundant irrigation.
Used of vegetation and its fresh, thriving condition.
- Lane · entry 16632
تَتْرِيفٌ
Good or generous feeding.
A verbal-noun use associated with being well fed.
- Lane · entry 16633
تَرَّفَ
To render a person submissive or compliant.
A causative Form II construction.
- Lane · entry 16633
تَرَّفَ
To make a person a king or prince.
A causative Form II construction expressing elevation to rulership.
- Lane · entry 16633
أَتْرَفَ
To cause someone, through wealth or abundant ease, to become insolent, rebellious, extravagant in wrongdoing, and ungrateful.
A causative construction in which wealth, divine provision, or plentiful living produces excessive pride or disobedience.
- Lane · entry 16634
أَتْرَفَ
To give someone the object of his eager desire, longing, or appetency.
A transitive causative construction with the desired object as its complement.
- Lane · entry 16634
أَتْرَفَ
To persist in, resolve upon, or deviate into transgression, wrongdoing, or the abandonment of the right way.
An intransitive or non-object-focused use describing settled persistence in wrongdoing.
- Lane · entry 16634
اِسْتَتْرَفَ
To magnify oneself and behave proudly, haughtily, or insolently; to become exorbitant in disobedience or wrongdoing.
A Form X reflexive or intransitive use.
- Lane · entry 16636
تُرْفَةٌ
Plentifulness, pleasantness, ease, softness, or delicacy of life; comfort and affluence.
A noun denoting an affluent and comfortable way of living or the abundance underlying it.
- Lane · entry 16637
تُرْفَةٌ
Good, sweet, or pleasant food.
A noun used for agreeable or choice nourishment.
- Lane · entry 16637
تُرْفَةٌ
A new, rare, strange, or pleasing gift specially assigned for a friend.
The item is characterized as novel or specially selected and as giving distinction or pleasure to its recipient.
- Lane · entry 16637
تُرْفَةٌ
A naturally protuberant part in the middle of the upper lip.
An anatomical noun use.
- Lane · entry 16637
تُرْفَةٌ
A vessel used for drinking.
A concrete noun use for a drinking implement or container.
- Lane · entry 16637
أَتْرَفُ
Having a natural protuberance in the middle of the upper lip.
An adjective describing the anatomical feature associated with تُرْفَةٌ.
- Lane · entry 16638
مُتْرَفٌ
One left free to do as he wishes and not prevented from doing so.
A passive-participle use emphasizing lack of restraint or hindrance.
- Lane · entry 16639
مُتْرَفٌ
One whom wealth or ease makes exultant, insolent, and ungrateful; a proud or tyrannical person.
A characterization of the person affected by abundant prosperity, distinct from the neutral description of affluence.
- Lane · entry 16639
مُتْرَفٌ
One made soft or delicate in body and rendered submissive.
The cited lexical application specifies a boy, but the evidence does not establish an exclusive object-class restriction.
- Lane · entry 16639
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The Form IV public headword is normalized to the active perfect أَتْرَفَ even though the Quranic group contains both active and passive inflections.
The Quranic nominal group is displayed under singular مُتْرَفٌ although all five Quranic occurrences are inflected passive participles functioning substantivally.
The corrupt-leaders interpretation of مُتْرَفِيهَا is a reported contextual reading of its Quranic construction; the core lexical sense remains people granted or enjoying abundance.
The upper-lip meaning is directly recorded in the supplied lexical evidence, while the Maqayis entry disputes that attribution and treats the form as a mistake for another word.