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Quranic root

ثلث

th · l · th

The root is centered on the number three and the organization of things into three, with extensions to thirds, ordinals, distributive groups, and threefold composition.

The lexical development runs from counting three and identifying a third member or portion to dividing, repeating, grouping, or composing things in threes. Related formations also designate thirty, Tuesday, and objects characterized by three parts or strands.

  • Maqāyīs · row 1038
  • Mufradāt · row 207
5
Quran-attested forms
6
Quran senses
32
Quran occurrences

Forms in the Quran

The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.

ثَلَاثَة

thalāthah

Part of speech
Cardinal numeral
Quran occurrences
13 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Three, the cardinal number.

    The masculine form of the cardinal numeral, used in counting persons, things, periods, and other counted units; its case varies according to syntax.

    • Lane · entry 27456
    • Mufradāt · row 207
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 3:124word 9

    with three

    Quran 18:22word 2

    (they were) three

ثَلَاث

thalāth

Part of speech
Cardinal numeral
Quran occurrences
8 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Three, the cardinal number.

    The feminine form of the cardinal numeral, used with counted expressions and in such constructions as three times or three periods.

    • Lane · entry 27451
    • Lane · entry 27456
    • Mufradāt · row 207
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 24:58word 13

    (at) three

  2. Thirty.

    Occurs in the tens numeral ثَلَاثُونَ or its inflected form ثَلَاثِينَ; the Quranic group includes both cardinal-three and thirty forms.

    • Lane · entry 27461
    • Mufradāt · row 207
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 7:142word 3

    thirty

ثُلَاث

thulāth

Part of speech
Distributive numeral
Quran occurrences
2 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Three and three; in groups or sets of three.

    A distributive numeral, conventionally used with coordinated or successive groups to mean three at a time or three together.

    • Lane · entry 27452
    • Mufradāt · row 207
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 4:3word 14

    or three

    Quran 35:1word 12

    or three

ثُلُث

thuluth

Part of speech
Fractional numeral
Quran occurrences
6 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. A third; one of three equal parts or portions.

    The singular denotes one third. Its dual forms ثُلُثَانِ and ثُلُثَيِ denote two thirds, with the expected case inflection.

    • Lane · entry 27448
    • Mufradāt · row 207
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 4:11word 42

    (is) one third

    Quran 4:11word 15

    two thirds

    Quran 73:20word 11

    and a third of it

ثَالِث

thālith

Part of speech
Ordinal numeral
Quran occurrences
3 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Third; the third in sequence or the third member of a set.

    The feminine form is ثَالِثَة. With a following genitive expression it can identify one member as the third of a group; in other constructions it can describe what makes a group three.

    • Lane · entry 27465
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 5:73word 7

    (is the) third

    Quran 36:14word 7

    with a third

    Quran 53:20word 2

    the third

Occurrences in the Quran

Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.

  • 2:196ثَلَـٰثَةِ(of) three
  • 2:228ثَلَـٰثَةَ(for) three
  • 3:41ثَلَـٰثَةَ(for) three
  • 3:124بِثَلَـٰثَةِwith three
  • 4:3وَثُلَـٰثَor three
View all 32 occurrences

Broader Classical Arabic meanings

Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.

Show 53 Classical meanings
  • ثَلَثَ

    To take a third share of a people's property; to remove a third portion from property. It can also be used of killing a third of a group.

    A Form I transitive use, with the object being property or a group whose third is taken or removed.

    • Lane · entry 27441
  • ثَلَثَ

    To become the third of a group, or to make a group three by joining it.

    A Form I numerical construction; the subject may become third, or may make two others three with itself.

    • Lane · entry 27441
  • ثَلَثَ

    To increase a number by one so that it reaches thirty, or another analogous numerical total.

    A specialized numerical use extended through the series of number verbs.

    • Lane · entry 27441
  • ثَلَثَ

    To turn over or cultivate the ground three times.

    Used of land prepared by three successive turnings.

    • Lane · entry 27441
  • ثَلَثَ

    To come third in a race.

    Used of a horse or person finishing third.

    • Lane · entry 27441
  • يَثْلِثُ

    In the idiom لَا يَثْنِي وَلَا يَثْلِثُ, to be unable to rise for a third attempt.

    An idiomatic expression describing an old man who cannot rise repeatedly.

    • Lane · entry 27441
  • ثَلَّثَ

    To make something three, divide it into three parts, or designate it as three.

    Form II causative or factitive usage; the division may be into thirds, and the same formation supplies the verbal noun تَثْلِيث.

    • Lane · entry 27442
  • ثَلَّثَ

    To assert or adopt the doctrine of the Trinity.

    A theological use of the Form II verb.

    • Lane · entry 27442
  • ثَلَّثَ

    To count three items in a succession, especially to recognize a third successor after two.

    An idiomatic political or historical use, often contrasted with refusing to count a fourth.

    • Lane · entry 27442
  • ثَلَّثَ

    To remain three nights, or to perform a saying or action three times.

    The construction may be used with a person, a period of residence, or repeated speech and action.

    • Lane · entry 27442
  • ثَلَّثَ

    To tie or bind three teats of a she-camel.

    A specialized pastoral construction referring to fastening the teats with a cord or similar binding.

    • Lane · entry 27442
  • ثَلَّثَ

    Of dates or grapes, to reach a stage in which a third has ripened.

    Used when approximately one third has become ripe or entered the relevant ripening state.

    • Lane · entry 27442
  • تَثْلِيث

    Watering seed-produce on the third day, or watering it again after one intervening day.

    A specialized agricultural interval expression.

    • Lane · entry 27442
  • ثَلَّثَ

    To make a thing triangular or trilateral.

    Used of giving an object three sides or angles.

    • Lane · entry 27442
  • مُثَلَّثَة

    To make a letter three-pointed or give it three diacritical dots.

    A technical orthographic use, especially in distinguishing ثاء from similarly shaped letters.

    • Lane · entry 27442
  • مُثَلَّث

    A particular electuary or confection of aromatics or perfumes.

    A conventional name for the preparation, not merely a general description of something threefold.

    • Lane · entry 27442
  • أَثْلَثَ

    For a party to become three, or to become thirty in the analogous numerical pattern.

    Form IV intransitive numerical usage, describing the resulting number of a group.

    • Lane · entry 27443
  • أَثْلَثَتْ

    Of a female animal, to bear her third young one.

    Used especially of a camel or other female animal and the order of its offspring.

    • Lane · entry 27443
  • أَثْلَثَ

    Of a grape-vine, to have one third of its fruit remaining after two thirds have been eaten.

    A specialized resultative use describing the remaining proportion of fruit.

    • Lane · entry 27443
  • ثِلْث

    The third young one or offspring of a she-camel or other female animal.

    A nominal designation of birth order; the source notes that the expression is not formed simply by calling the she-camel ثِلْث.

    • Lane · entry 27446
  • ثِلْث

    A three-day watering interval for palm-trees.

    A specialized agricultural term for watering once every three days or after omitting one day.

    • Lane · entry 27446
  • حُمَّى الثِّلْث

    A tertian fever that attacks on one day, remits on the next, and returns on the third.

    A medical expression based on the three-day recurrence pattern.

    • Lane · entry 27446
  • ثَلْثَان

    A vessel whose contents reach one third of its capacity.

    Used of a vessel containing grain, drink, wine, or a similar measured substance.

    • Lane · entry 27449
  • ثِلْثَان

    A tree known as عِنَبُ الثَّعْلَبِ.

    A lexicalized plant name with no necessary numerical meaning in ordinary use.

    • Lane · entry 27450
  • ذُو ثُلَاث

    A camel's girth, or related abdominal structure, described by the expression ذُو ثُلَاث.

    A specialized and partly variant expression applied to the girth, belly, or associated membranes of a lean female camel.

    • Lane · entry 27452
  • ذُو ثُلَاث

    A garment made from the wool of three sheep.

    A conventional garment description using ثُلَاث in a non-numerical lexicalized expression.

    • Lane · entry 27452
  • ثَلُوث

    A she-camel that fills three milking vessels at one milking.

    A pastoral descriptor for the maximum stated quantity yielded at one milking.

    • Lane · entry 27454
  • ثَلُوث

    A she-camel with three functioning teats, or with one teat dried up, cut off, or otherwise rendered unusable.

    The sources record several closely related applications concerning the number or condition of the teats.

    • Lane · entry 27454
  • ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَر

    Thirteen.

    A compound cardinal numeral with dialectal variation in the pronunciation of the second component.

    • Lane · entry 27456
  • الثَّلَاثَاء

    Tuesday, the third day of the week.

    The form is conventionally altered from the ordinary ordinal or numeral to distinguish the weekday name.

    • Lane · entry 27458
  • ثُلَاثِيّ

    Relating to three things; threefold.

    A relational adjective derived from the numeral.

    • Lane · entry 27460
  • ثُلَاثِيّ

    Three cubits in length or height.

    Applied to a garment, piece of cloth, or boy.

    • Lane · entry 27460
  • ثُلَاثِيّ

    A word composed of three letters, whether only the radicals or the radicals with augmentative material.

    A technical grammatical and lexicological designation.

    • Lane · entry 27460
  • ثَلَاثُون

    The thirtieth.

    An ordinal use of the tens numeral ثَلَاثُونَ in addition to its cardinal meaning thirty.

    • Lane · entry 27461
  • ثَلَاثَاوِيّ

    One who fasts alone on Tuesday.

    A relational noun formed from the weekday name.

    • Lane · entry 27463
  • ثَالِثَةُ الأَثَافِي

    The projecting third support of a cooking tripod, a projecting part of a mountain to which two stones are joined.

    A fixed expression referring to the third support among the three stones supporting a cooking-pot.

    • Lane · entry 27465
  • ثَالِثَ عَشَر

    Thirteenth.

    A compound ordinal construction, with masculine and feminine forms and dialectal variation in declension.

    • Lane · entry 27465
  • الثَّالُوث

    The Trinity.

    A lexicalized theological noun.

    • Lane · entry 27466
  • مَثْلَث

    A lute chord composed of three twists; according to another explanation, the third chord.

    A technical musical term with recorded variation in whether the reference is to the number of twists or ordinal position.

    • Lane · entry 27467
  • مُثْلِث

    A she-camel or other female animal bringing forth her third young one.

    A participial noun describing the animal by the order of its offspring.

    • Lane · entry 27468
  • مُثَلَّث

    A triangular or trilateral thing; a triangle.

    Used of a thing having three angles or corners, including a three-sided piece of land.

    • Lane · entry 27469
  • مُثَلَّث

    A thing composed of three layers, folds, strata, or distinct fascicles.

    The formation can describe things composed of three parts and, by analogy, similar formations with other numbers.

    • Lane · entry 27469
  • مُثَلَّث

    In lexicology, a word or verb whose relevant letter may bear any of the three vowels.

    A technical grammatical designation for forms written or pronounced with three possible vowelings.

    • Lane · entry 27469
  • مُثَلَّثَة

    Three-pointed or marked with three diacritical points.

    A technical orthographic adjective, especially in reference to a letter such as ثاء.

    • Lane · entry 27469
  • مُثَلَّث

    Wine or grape juice cooked until two thirds have evaporated.

    A conventional culinary or beverage term defined by the amount removed through cooking.

    • Lane · entry 27469
  • مُثَلَّث

    A particular electuary or aromatic confection.

    A lexicalized name for the preparation.

    • Lane · entry 27469
  • مُثَلِّث

    A calumniator who slanders one person to another in a way said to destroy three people: himself, his fellow, and the ruler.

    A figurative conventional noun based on the three persons affected by the slander.

    • Lane · entry 27470
  • مَثْلُوث

    Property or another thing from which a third part has been taken.

    The passive participle can also be applied to a verse or poetic measure from which a third has been removed.

    • Lane · entry 27472
  • مَثْلُوث

    In prosody, a verse or metre from which two of six feet have been removed.

    A specialized metrical use; terminology distinguishes it from a form in which two thirds have been removed.

    • Lane · entry 27472
  • مَثْلُوث

    A rope composed of three strands twisted or woven together.

    The same naming pattern may extend to ropes of several other numbers of strands.

    • Lane · entry 27472
  • مَثْلُوث

    A garment woven from wool, camel hair, and goat hair.

    A conventional textile designation based on its three materials.

    • Lane · entry 27472
  • مَثْلُوث

    A leathern water-bag made from three skins.

    A conventional description of the bag's construction.

    • Lane · entry 27472
  • أَرْضٌ مَثْلُوثَة

    Land turned over three times for sowing or cultivation.

    A passive participial description of repeatedly prepared ground.

    • Lane · entry 27472

Cautions

Points that affect how this root should be read.

  • The QAC grouping for ثَلَاث combines ordinary cardinal-three occurrences with the tens form ثَلَاثُونَ/ثَلَاثِينَ; these are separated as distinct senses.

  • The Quranic forms ثُلُث, ثَالِث, and ثُلَاث represent distinct fractional, ordinal, and distributive uses rather than interchangeable translations.