Quranic root
ثخن
th · kh · n
The root centers on weighty solidity: thickness, density, compactness, and heaviness.
The physical idea of being thick or compact develops into causing heaviness or incapacitation, especially through wounding, and into figurative applications involving gravity, exertion, effect, and being overcome.
- Maqāyīs · row 1003
- Mufradāt · row 200
- Lane · entry 27168
- 1
- Quran-attested forms
- 1
- Quran senses
- 2
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
أَثْخَنَ
ʾathkhana
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form IV
- Form
- IV
- Quran occurrences
- 2 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To inflict severe slaughter or wounding on an enemy, thereby weakening or overcoming them.
In the Quranic battle constructions أَثْخَنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ and أَثْخَنْتُمُوهُمْ, the action involves making the enemy heavy or incapacitated through extensive slaughter or wounding. Contextual renderings include fighting strenuously and subduing them.
- Lane · entry 27168
- Mufradāt · row 200
Selected Quran examples
Quran 8:67word 9
“he has battled strenuously”
Quran 47:4word 9
“you have subdued them”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
View all 2 occurrencesBroader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 18 Classical meanings
ثَخُنَ
To become thick, dense, compact, coarse, hard, firm, stiff, tough, or strong; of a semiliquid, to become so thick that it does not flow freely.
Used of things and materials, including cloth and semiliquids.
- Lane · entry 27167
- Mufradāt · row 200
أَثْخَنَ
To make something thick or dense.
The primary physical causative use of Form IV.
- Lane · entry 27168
أَثْخَنَ
To make someone heavy, weak, languid, or enervated, especially by beating or wounding.
The object may be a person; wounds or disease may be the means or cause.
- Lane · entry 27168
أَثْخَنَ فِي الأَمْرِ
To exceed the usual or proper bounds in an affair; to strive vigorously or do one's utmost.
Used with فِي in the construction أَثْخَنَ فِي الأَمْرِ.
- Lane · entry 27168
أَثْخَنَهُ قَوْلُهُ
For a saying to affect, distress, or afflict someone.
A conventional construction in which the saying is the agent of the effect.
- Lane · entry 27168
أَثْخَنَ فُلَانًا مَعْرِفَةً
To know or be acquainted with someone thoroughly.
Used in the construction أَثْخَنَ فُلَانًا مَعْرِفَةً.
- Lane · entry 27168
اِثَّخَنَ
To become heavy, weakened, languid, or enervated through wounds.
Attested in a poetic war expression.
- Lane · entry 27169
اِسْتَثْخَنَ
To be overcome by sleep, or to become overcome by disease and fatigue.
Used in expressions such as اِسْتَثْخَنَ مِنْهُ النَّوْمُ and اِسْتَثْخَنَ بَيْنَ الْمَرَضِ وَالإِعْيَاءِ.
- Lane · entry 27170
ثُخْنٌ
Thickness or closeness of texture.
Used substantively, especially of a garment or piece of cloth.
- Lane · entry 27171
ثَخَنٌ
A reported heaviness in the chest or body, or heaviness and languor affecting the heart.
A tentative lexical report whose transmitted reading may be confused with related forms for thickness or heaviness.
- Lane · entry 27172
ثَخِينٌ
Thick, dense, coarse, big, firm, tough, or strong.
Of cloth, it may describe a close or full texture, including the warp.
- Lane · entry 27174
ثَخِينُ السِّلَاحِ
Completely armed.
Applied to a man described as ثَخِينُ السِّلَاحِ.
- Lane · entry 27174
ثَخِينٌ
Forbearing, clement, grave, sedate, or calm; figuratively, weighty in bearing.
Applied to a person, including one characterized as heavy in his sitting-place.
- Lane · entry 27174
مُثْخَنٌ
Weakened, languid, enervated, or heavily wounded; beaten until nearly at the point of death.
Passive participle of Form IV, describing a person left in a severely weakened condition.
- Lane · entry 27175
مُثْخَنٌ
Forbearing, clement, grave, sedate, or calm in mind or intellect.
A figurative participial use.
- Lane · entry 27175
مُثْخَنٌ
A person who causes laughter, or who is quick, brisk, or lively in movement.
A metonymical usage reported in the speech of Syria.
- Lane · entry 27175
مُثْخِنٌ
One who exceeds the usual or proper bounds or does his utmost in narration and the rehearsal of sayings.
Applied to a person characterized by excessive or extreme narration.
- Lane · entry 27176
مُثْخِنَةٌ
A large, corpulent, fleshy woman.
Feminine form with تاء التأنيث.
- Lane · entry 27176
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
Lane's historical Quran citation notation is not converted into modern verse coordinates; the Quran examples use the independently supplied QAC locations 8:67 and 47:4.
The reported ثَخَنٌ sense is textually tentative and is retained as such rather than treated as an unqualified core meaning.