Quranic root
جثو
j · th · w
The supplied lexical evidence centers the root on lowering oneself onto the knees and adopting a kneeling posture, with related extensions to sitting together and gathered bodies or heaps.
From the basic bodily posture of kneeling, derived forms express reciprocal or causative kneeling, while several nouns denote collected bodies, stones, or earth. These are lexical extensions and do not make every derived form a Quranic synonym.
- Mufradāt · row 230
- Lane · entry 46014
- Lane · entry 46015
- Lane · entry 46016
- Lane · entry 46018
- Lane · entry 46020
- 2
- Quran-attested forms
- 3
- Quran senses
- 3
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
جَاثٍ
jāthin
- Part of speech
- Active participle
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Kneeling; sitting upon the knees in an upright posture.
In جَاثِيَةً in 45:28, the active participle is feminine singular with أُمَّة and describes each nation as kneeling, not sitting at ease.
- Lane · entry 46024
- Mufradāt · row 230
Selected Quran examples
Quran 45:28word 4
“kneeling”
Forming a gathered company or congregated body.
In 45:28, this is an alternative lexical interpretation of جَاثِيَةً, understood collectively rather than solely as a description of bodily kneeling.
- Lane · entry 46024
- Mufradāt · row 230
Selected Quran examples
Quran 45:28word 4
“kneeling”
جُثُوّ
juthuww
- Part of speech
- Verbal noun
- Quran occurrences
- 2 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Kneeling; the posture or act of sitting upon the knees.
The Quranic form جِثِيًّا may be understood either as a plural or epithet meaning “kneeling ones” or as the verbal noun used adjectivally. It occurs in descriptions of people kneeling.
- Lane · entry 46014
- Lane · entry 46024
- Mufradāt · row 230
Selected Quran examples
Quran 19:68word 8
“bent (on) knees”
Quran 19:72word 8
“bent (on) knees”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
View all 3 occurrencesBroader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 21 Classical meanings
جَثَا
To stand on the extremities of the toes.
- Lane · entry 46014
- Lane · entry 46024
جَثَا
To collect camels and sheep or goats.
- Lane · entry 46014
جَاثَى
To sit knee-to-knee with another, each sitting upon the knees, especially in disputation.
A reciprocal construction involving two people sitting in the kneeling posture.
- Lane · entry 46015
أَجْثَى
To cause someone to sit upon the knees.
Causative Form IV usage.
- Lane · entry 46016
أَجْثَى
To cause someone to stand on the extremities of the toes.
An alternative causative usage of Form IV.
- Lane · entry 46016
تَجَاثَى
To sit together upon the knees in mutual contention or disputation.
Reciprocal or collective Form VI usage.
- Lane · entry 46017
تَجَاثَى
To vie with others in lifting a stone as a trial of strength.
An idiomatic Form VI construction.
- Lane · entry 46017
جُثًا
A company or congregated body of men; a group or company.
- Lane · entry 46018
الجُثَا
A particular idol to which sacrifices were offered.
- Lane · entry 46018
جُثْوَةٌ
A collection or heap of stones or earth; a mound or grave, including certain ritual heaps or stones in the sacred territory.
The meaning covers collected natural material and related named stone collections.
- Lane · entry 46020
جُثْوَةٌ
A live coal or piece of fire.
A lexical equivalence with جَذْوَةٌ is reported.
- Lane · entry 46020
جُثْوَةٌ
The middle of a thing.
- Lane · entry 46020
جُثْوَةٌ
The body together with its limbs or members.
- Lane · entry 46020
جُثْوَةٌ
A great or large man.
- Lane · entry 46020
جَثَاءٌ
A person or the human body.
Reported as an equivalent of a word for a person or bodily form.
- Lane · entry 46022
جَثَاءٌ
An incubus or nightmare.
The cited usage is also written جَثَا without the final hamzah.
- Lane · entry 46022
جَثَاءٌ
Requital or compensation.
A reported lexical equivalence with جَزَاءٌ.
- Lane · entry 46022
جَثَاءٌ
Quantity, measure, size, bulk, extent, amount, sum, or number.
The term may refer, for example, to the size or number of a people or company.
- Lane · entry 46022
جَاثٍ
Sitting generally, without the specific restriction to kneeling.
A broader classical use of the active participle distinct from the Quranic kneeling construction.
- Lane · entry 46024
الجَاثِي
The constellation Hercules.
A traditional astronomical expression, including الجَاثِي عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ.
- Lane · entry 46024
مَجْثًى
A place for sitting upon the knees.
- Lane · entry 46025
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
جَاثِيَةً in 45:28 has two explicitly reported readings here: kneeling and forming a gathered company; both are retained as Quranic senses.
جِثِيًّا may be analyzed as a plural or epithet derived from جَاثٍ, or as a verbal noun used adjectivally.
No Maqayis entry was supplied in the evidence packet; the root-level orientation is therefore based on the supplied Quran-focused and classical lexical evidence.