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Quranic root

ثني

th · n · y

A root centered on repetition or doubling: making something twofold, placing one part upon another, or making two things paired.

From doubling and folding develop the meanings of repetition, pairing, bending or turning aside, ordinal succession, exception by separately repeating an item, and Quranic designation of repeatedly recited passages.

  • Maqāyīs · row 1052
  • Mufradāt · row 212
6
Quran-attested forms
7
Quran senses
29
Quran occurrences

Forms in the Quran

The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.

ثَنَى

thanā

Part of speech
Verb · Form I
Form
I
Quran occurrences
1 occurrence

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. To fold or bend something, turning one part toward another; in the Quranic construction of folding the breast, to conceal what is within and turn oneself away.

    The Quranic usage is expressed with صُدُورَهُمْ, describing inward concealment, hostility, or turning away from the truth rather than merely a physical bend.

    • Lane · entry 27584
    • Mufradāt · row 212
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 11:5word 3

    fold up

اِسْتَثْنَى

āistathnā

Part of speech
Verb · Form X
Form
X
Quran occurrences
1 occurrence

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. To exclude, except, or set something aside from what is otherwise included.

    In the Quranic construction, the verb describes making an exception or withholding an item from the general action or provision.

    • Lane · entry 27590
    • Mufradāt · row 212
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 68:18word 2

    making exception

مَثْنَى

mathnā

Part of speech
Adverbial numeral · two by two
Quran occurrences
3 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Two by two; in pairs; two at a time.

    It is an indeclinable numeral expression used for arranging people or things in pairs or successive groups of two.

    • Lane · entry 27617
    • Mufradāt · row 212
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 4:3word 13

    two

    Quran 34:46word 8

    (in) pairs

مَثَانِي

mathānī

Part of speech
Noun · Quranic designation
Quran occurrences
2 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Recurrently recited or reiterated Quranic passages; a designation for passages, sections, or the Quran whose meanings and recitation recur.

    The term is explained through repeated recitation, recurring narratives, promises and warnings, or renewed benefits. Classical explanations differ over whether particular occurrences refer to the whole Quran, the Fātiḥah, or a defined group of surahs.

    • Lane · entry 27617
    • Mufradāt · row 212
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 15:87word 5

    the oft-repeated

    Quran 39:23word 7

    oft-repeated

ثَانٍ

thānin

Part of speech
Active participle / ordinal
Quran occurrences
2 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. The second; the one that makes another a pair or comes second among two.

    It may function as an ordinal or as the second member of a pair, as in ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ.

    • Lane · entry 27611
    • Mufradāt · row 212
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 9:40word 10

    the second

  2. Bending, turning, or twisting aside.

    In ثَانِيَ عِطْفِهِ, the expression describes one turning or bending his side or neck away in proud rejection or aversion.

    • Lane · entry 27611
    • Mufradāt · row 212
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 22:9word 1

    Twisting

اِثْنَانِ / اِثْنَتَانِ

āithnāni / āithnatāni

Part of speech
Numeral · two
Quran occurrences
20 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Two; the double of one.

    اِثْنَانِ is the masculine form and اِثْنَتَانِ the feminine form; inflected forms occur according to syntactic position and gender agreement.

    • Lane · entry 27614
    • Mufradāt · row 212
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 11:40word 13

    two

    Quran 4:11word 13

    two

Occurrences in the Quran

Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.

  • 2:60ٱثْنَتَاtwo
  • 4:3مَثْنَىٰtwo
  • 4:11ٱثْنَتَيْنِtwo
  • 4:176ٱثْنَتَيْنِtwo females
  • 5:12ٱثْنَىْtwo
View all 29 occurrences

Broader Classical Arabic meanings

Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.

Show 58 Classical meanings
  • ثَنَى

    To make the fingers bend at the mention of a person, an idiom for counting him among the foremost or best of his class.

    A conventional figurative expression rather than a general physical claim about finger movement.

    • Lane · entry 27584
  • ثَنَى

    To bend or draw up a leg and thereby alight from a riding animal.

    Used in constructions involving the hip or leg when dismounting, and of turning a leg from a position.

    • Lane · entry 27584
  • ثَنَى

    To turn a person or thing away or back from a course, goal, need, or object of desire.

    Commonly followed by عَنْ with the course, need, or desired object from which the subject is turned.

    • Lane · entry 27584
  • ثَنَى

    To tie or bind, especially by using the two ends or two ties of a rope.

    The construction may describe binding both forelegs of a camel or tying one foreleg to the arm.

    • Lane · entry 27584
  • ثَنَى

    To make or become a second to someone or something; to add what makes a pair.

    The usage includes taking half of a person's property by becoming his second and, figuratively, making eleven twelve.

    • Lane · entry 27584
  • ثَنَى

    To turn over land a second time for sowing or cultivation.

    A specialized agricultural construction concerning repeated turning of the ground.

    • Lane · entry 27584
  • ثَنَى

    To give or do something a second time.

    This rare usage is preserved as an attested poetic expression.

    • Lane · entry 27584
  • ثَنَّى

    To make something two, call it two, count two, or form a dual.

    The grammatical application includes making a word dual, while the numerical application includes counting or treating something as two.

    • Lane · entry 27585
  • ثَنَّى

    To repeat or iterate something.

    This is the causative/intensive repetition sense, distinct from merely counting two items.

    • Lane · entry 27585
  • ثَنَّى

    To do an action twice or remain for two nights.

    The construction extends to doing a saying or action one time after another.

    • Lane · entry 27585
  • ثَنَّى

    To do one thing immediately after another thing.

    Used with an action that follows another in direct succession.

    • Lane · entry 27585
  • تَثْنِيَةٌ

    In the game of maysir, a player's request that a successful arrow be returned to him for another chance at the stakes.

    A specialized technical usage of the game and its distribution of shares.

    • Lane · entry 27585
  • أَثْنَى

    To bring forth a second offspring.

    Used of a female animal and, in the cited lexical explanation, of a second birth.

    • Lane · entry 27586
  • أَثْنَى

    To shed the tooth called a ثَنِيَّة and thereby become an animal of the ثَنِيّ stage.

    Used of camels and other animals in age terminology.

    • Lane · entry 27586
  • أَثْنَى

    To praise, commend, or speak well of someone, and in some usage to dispraise or censure.

    The object may be God, a person, or a deed; praise is the more common interpretation in some authorities.

    • Lane · entry 27586
  • تَثَنَّى

    To incline or bend the body from side to side, especially with an affected, proud, or elegant gait.

    The expression describes a manner of walking or bodily swaying, not a restriction to a particular gender or object class.

    • Lane · entry 27587
  • اِنْثَنَى

    To become doubled, folded, or bent.

    An intransitive development of the physical folding or bending sense.

    • Lane · entry 27588
  • اِنْثَنَى

    To turn or turn back from an affair after having resolved to undertake it.

    The construction describes withdrawal from a previously intended course of action.

    • Lane · entry 27588
  • ثِنْىٌ

    A duplication or doubling of a thing.

    This nominal headword denotes the result or occurrence of making something twofold.

    • Lane · entry 27592
  • ثِنْىٌ

    A fold, or something folded within another thing; by extension, the interior or midst of a written matter, affair, or period.

    The usage includes something enclosed in the folds of a letter and something occurring in the midst of an affair or a period of the night.

    • Lane · entry 27592
  • ثِنْىٌ

    Parts of a thing laid together as layers, strands, sides, or components of a bundle.

    A plural-related material sense concerning things arranged one upon another, side by side, or like strands of a rope.

    • Lane · entry 27592
  • ثِنْىٌ

    A bend of the neck or a fold or coil of a serpent; figuratively, a turn or fold of a night.

    The serpent and night applications are figurative extensions of bending and coiling.

    • Lane · entry 27592
  • ثِنْىٌ

    A bent or doubled portion of a cord, rope, scarf, or similar object, including a loop used as a tether.

    The usage includes folded rope ends and loops made to place around the pasterns or necks of animals.

    • Lane · entry 27592
  • ثِنْىٌ

    A female camel that has brought forth a second offspring, and the second offspring itself; by extension, a woman who has given birth twice.

    Authorities differ over whether the term can denote a first birth, but the cited lexical evidence treats the second birth as the more correct usage.

    • Lane · entry 27592
  • ثِنًى

    Repetition of a thing, or an action done twice.

    The term is used for recurrence, including the statement that a levy is not taken twice in one year.

    • Lane · entry 27595
  • ثِنْيَةٌ

    The lowest, least eminent, or meanest member of a man's household.

    This is a social-status usage distinct from the homonymous terms for a mountain pass, tooth, or animal age.

    • Lane · entry 27598
  • ثُنْيَا

    An exception or the thing excepted from a general statement, bargain, oath, or contract.

    In legal and contractual usage, an exception may be invalid when the excepted portion is unknown or improperly specified.

    • Lane · entry 27599
  • ثُنْيَا

    A specifically excepted portion, especially the head and legs of a slaughtered camel, or a palm tree excluded from a bargain.

    The term can also be applied to those excepted from a general falling or swooning in a Quranic interpretation; the cited Lane reference uses its historical citation notation and is not converted here into a modern verse location.

    • Lane · entry 27599
  • ثُنْيَانٌ

    A second chief or the person immediately below the chief in rank.

    The term denotes a successor or subordinate leader rather than simply any second item.

    • Lane · entry 27600
  • ثُنْيَانٌ

    A man lacking judgment, intelligence, or understanding.

    A specialized characterization of a person, distinct from the rank-related sense.

    • Lane · entry 27600
  • ثُنْيَانٌ

    Wrong, corrupt, unsound, or badly directed when applied to judgment or opinion.

    This is a figurative adjectival application to judgment or an opinion.

    • Lane · entry 27600
  • ثَنَوِيٌّ

    Relating to two, or to the numeral two or twelve when used as a man's proper name.

    A relational adjective formed from a numeral expression.

    • Lane · entry 27601
  • ثَنَوِيٌّ

    A Dualist, one who professes the doctrine of two opposing principles.

    A technical religious designation derived from the concept of duality.

    • Lane · entry 27601
  • ثَنَاءٌ

    Praise, eulogy, or commendation; in some usage, dispraise or censure as well.

    Praise is the more frequent sense, and the word may be applied to a person or to God.

    • Lane · entry 27602
  • ثِنَاءٌ

    A doubled cord or rope used to bind the fore shanks and arms of a camel.

    The term refers to the rope arrangement or its doubled folds, not ordinarily to a single rope used for only one limb.

    • Lane · entry 27604
  • ثِنَاءٌ

    The forecourt or open space in front of a house.

    Its derivation from ثني is explicitly disputed: one explanation derives it from turning back, while another treats the initial consonant as a substitution for ف.

    • Lane · entry 27604
  • ثَنِيٌّ

    An animal that has shed its ثَنِيَّة tooth and entered the corresponding age stage.

    The age varies by animal: the cited terminology includes a camel in its sixth year, a horse in its third or fourth, and certain livestock in their second or third.

    • Lane · entry 27605
  • ثَنِيَّةٌ

    A mountain pass, a road traversing or leading to a mountain, or the mountain or mountain section crossed by such a road.

    The term may refer specifically to a pass requiring ascent and descent, or more broadly to the mountain route itself.

    • Lane · entry 27607
  • ثَنِيَّةٌ

    One of the foremost incisor teeth, especially the four central incisors in humans, camels, and certain animals.

    The plural ثَنَايَا is also used for these teeth; the naming is associated with their form, hardness, or paired placement.

    • Lane · entry 27607
  • ثَنِيَّةٌ

    The feminine form of ثَنِيٌّ for a female animal that has shed the specified tooth and reached that age stage.

    This is the feminine animal-age term, distinct from the mountain-pass and incisor senses of the same form.

    • Lane · entry 27607
  • ثِنَايَةٌ

    A cord or rope, especially one made of goat hair, wool, or similar material; also a long rope or rope apparatus.

    The cited technical usage includes a cord attached to a well-rope apparatus or saddle and a folded middle or extremity.

    • Lane · entry 27608
  • ثُنَائِيٌّ

    Of or relating to two things; consisting of two parts.

    The technical grammatical example is a word composed of two letters.

    • Lane · entry 27609
  • ثَانٍ

    Second in sequence, including the horns that come after the foremost horns.

    A specialized ordinal application to successive horns.

    • Lane · entry 27611
  • ثَانِيَ عَشَرَ

    Twelfth, in the masculine and feminine numeral compounds.

    The compound follows the grammatical rules of the corresponding ordinal-number expressions.

    • Lane · entry 27611
  • اِثْنَانِ

    Monday, the second day of the week.

    The day-name is treated in usage both as the name of a single day and, less commonly, with dual-number agreement.

    • Lane · entry 27614
  • اِثْنَا عَشَرَ

    Twelve, in the masculine and feminine compound numerals.

    The compound has distinct nominative and oblique forms and agrees in gender according to numeral rules.

    • Lane · entry 27614
  • اِثْنَوِيٌّ

    A person who fasts alone on Monday.

    A specialized relational adjective based on the name of the second day of the week.

    • Lane · entry 27615
  • الاِثْنَيْنِيَّةُ

    The doctrine of dualism.

    A technical abstract noun for the belief in two governing principles.

    • Lane · entry 27616
  • مَثْنَى

    The repetition or renewal of a benefit, benefaction, or portion; in maysir, shares taken or given successively.

    The usage can describe conferring a benefit twice or more, taking a portion repeatedly, or purchasing leftover shares for others.

    • Lane · entry 27617
  • مَثَانٍ

    The knees and elbows, or comparable bending joints, of a horse or similar beast.

    A plural application derived from the idea of places of bending.

    • Lane · entry 27617
  • مَثَانٍ

    The bends of a valley.

    A geographical plural referring to the turning places of a valley.

    • Lane · entry 27617
  • مَثْنَى

    A doubled or second chord of a lute, or the chords following the first.

    A technical musical sense involving a chord made of two twists or occupying the second position.

    • Lane · entry 27617
  • مَثْنَى

    The noserein or doubled part at the end of a she-camel's rein.

    The term can denote the folded end itself or the rein arrangement associated with it.

    • Lane · entry 27617
  • مَثْنَاةٌ

    A work or recitation repeated after another source; specifically, a book composed from a source other than God's Book, or a sung composition of paired verses.

    The cited explanations include the Mishna-like book and a two-verse song form; these are classical uses distinct from the Quranic designation مَثَانِي.

    • Lane · entry 27618
  • مُثَنًّى

    Dualized or made into a dual.

    A passive-participial grammatical designation for a word or expression given dual form.

    • Lane · entry 27620
  • مُثَنًّى

    Long and narrow, passing out of sight by its length.

    An attributed figurative expression, mainly for something long without appreciable breadth.

    • Lane · entry 27620
  • مَثْنِيٌّ

    Doubled, folded, or turned over.

    The passive participle may describe an object that has been folded or land turned over.

    • Lane · entry 27621
  • مَثْنِيٌّ

    Land turned over twice for sowing or cultivation.

    A specialized agricultural adjectival use.

    • Lane · entry 27621

Cautions

Points that affect how this root should be read.

  • The Quranic designation مَثَانِي has several classical referential explanations, including the Quran as a whole, the Fātiḥah, and particular groups of surahs; the entry states the shared repeated-recitation basis without choosing among those referents.

  • The Lane citation attached to the exception noun ثُنْيَا uses historical citation notation and is preserved without converting it into a modern surah:ayah claim.

  • The derivation of ثِنَاءٌ meaning a house forecourt is disputed within the lexical evidence and is marked as such in its definition.