Quranic root
جزي
j · z · y
The root centers on one thing standing in place of another and on a corresponding return or recompense.
This orientation extends to sufficiency and substitution, repayment and requital, reciprocal compensation, and payments made in lieu of something else.
- Maqāyīs · row 1151
- Mufradāt · row 248
- 5
- Quran-attested forms
- 6
- Quran senses
- 118
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
جَزَى
jazā
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form I
- Form
- I
- Quran occurrences
- 73 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To repay, requite, recompense, or reward someone for an act or thing; in a negative context, to punish or requite with harm.
The Quran uses active and passive forms for bestowing or receiving a corresponding recompense; the resulting recompense may be favorable or unfavorable according to the deed.
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Selected Quran examples
Quran 10:13word 15
“We recompense”
Quran 36:54word 7
“you will be recompensed”
To suffice, avail, or make satisfaction for someone or something; to serve as a substitute or compensating equivalent.
Especially used with عَنْ to express satisfying or availing on behalf of another; the Quran uses the construction for one person or thing not availing another.
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Selected Quran examples
Quran 2:48word 4
“avail”
جَازَى
jāzā
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form III
- Form
- III
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To recompense or requite, returning an outcome corresponding to an act.
The Quranic occurrence is an active imperfect Form III verb in a context of recompensing a people for their conduct.
- Lane · entry 46751
- Lane · entry 46752
Selected Quran examples
Quran 34:17word 6
“We recompense”
جَازٍ
jāzin
- Part of speech
- Active participle
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Sufficing or availing; one who can stand in for or make satisfaction for another.
An active participle used with عَنْ in the sense of availing or satisfying on behalf of another.
- Lane · entry 46751
- Lane · entry 46759
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Selected Quran examples
Quran 31:33word 15
“(can) avail”
جَزَاء
jazāʾ
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 42 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
A recompense or requital corresponding to an act: a reward for good or a punishment for evil.
The noun denotes the resulting return or due; its positive or negative value is determined by the context.
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Selected Quran examples
جِزْيَة
jizyah
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
A payment or tax taken from protected non-Muslim subjects as part of the compact securing their protection.
The Quranic noun refers to the payment demanded from those subjects in the stated political and legal arrangement.
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Selected Quran examples
Quran 9:29word 25
“the jizyah”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 2:48تَجْزِىavail
- 2:85جَزَآءُ(should be the) recompense
- 2:123تَجْزِىwill avail
- 2:191جَزَآءُ(is the) reward
- 3:87جَزَآؤُهُمْtheir recompense
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 15 Classical meanings
جَزَى
To pay a debt or a person's due, or to render something as satisfaction; hence, to satisfy or content.
Used with a debt, right, or thing rendered as a due or satisfaction.
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جَزَى
To stand or serve in place of another, even when the substitute does not fully suffice.
A classical substitution use distinct from actually satisfying or availing the person for whom the substitute is provided.
- Lane · entry 46751
أَجْزَى
To make something sufficient or to cause it to serve in place of another.
A Form IV or dialectal usage reported for the جَزَى عَنْ construction; it is distinguished from the Tameem form أَجْزَأَ.
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- Lane · entry 46753
جَازَى
In a benedictive formula, to ask God to reward someone or to say, “May God reward you.”
A conventional expression such as جَازَاهُ خَيْرًا.
- Lane · entry 46752
جَازَى
To vie or contend with another in requiting or compensating, and to overcome him in that exchange.
A reciprocal or competitive Form III use.
- Lane · entry 46752
أَجْزَى
To furnish a knife with a handle.
Reported as a dialectal variant of أَجْزَأَ; its status is questioned in the lexical tradition.
- Lane · entry 46753
تَجَازَى
To demand payment of a debt, or for two parties to repay or requite one another.
Used with a debt and, in the reciprocal expression, for mutual repayment.
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اِجْتَزَى
To seek or demand repayment, requital, compensation, or recompense from someone.
Form VIII transitive usage.
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جِزْيَة
Metaphorically, a land tax or a tax paid by the owner of land.
A broader Classical Arabic extension of the noun beyond its Quranic reference to the jizyah imposed on protected subjects.
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جَزَاء
The interval between a sneeze and the conventional blessing addressed to the sneezer.
A specialized expression concerning the timing of the response to a sneeze.
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جَزَاء
The apodosis or complement of a conditional statement.
A grammatical term for the result or correlative clause of a condition.
- Lane · entry 46758
جَزَاء
A conditional particle, or the designation of a particle that marks the result or complement of a condition.
A grammatical use associated with conditional constructions.
- Lane · entry 46758
جَزَاء
Sufficiency, competence, or wealth.
Attested in the expression ذُو جَزَاءٍ, describing one possessing sufficiency or means.
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جَازِيَة
A wild bull or cow.
A separate zoological noun.
- Lane · entry 46760
مُجْزٍ
Sufficient for a load or burden, or sufficient for a person's affair.
Applied to a camel in the first use and to a man in the second; the lexical source identifies the printed forms as transcriptional errors for مُجْزٍ.
- Lane · entry 46762
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The Form III Quranic group is retained as a distinct public form because QAC identifies نُجَازِي at 34:17, despite a general lexical statement that the Quran uses جَزَى rather than جَازَى.
جَزَاء covers both favorable and unfavorable recompense; reward and punishment are contextual values of the same lexical notion rather than separate Quranic noun senses.