Quranic root
جود
j · w · d
The root centers on open-handed giving, generosity, and abundant outpouring.
From the idea of giving freely and abundantly, the lexical branches extend to copious rain, excellence or quality, and the swift, excellent courser. These related developments remain distinct lexical uses rather than interchangeable meanings.
- Maqāyīs · row 1255
- Mufradāt · row 279
- 1
- Quran-attested forms
- 1
- Quran senses
- 1
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
جَوَادٌ
jawādun
- Part of speech
- Adjective
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Fleet, swift, and excellent as a horse; a superior courser.
The supplied Quran occurrence has the plural adjective جِيَاد, used substantivally of horses.
- Lane · entry 47725
- Mufradāt · row 279
Selected Quran examples
Quran 38:31word 6
“excellent bred steeds”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 38:31ٱلْجِيَادُexcellent bred steeds
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 40 Classical meanings
جَادَ
To be or become good, sound, approvable, or excellent.
Said of a thing, commodity, household article, work, or performance, and occasionally of a person.
- Lane · entry 47715
جَادَ
To be liberal, bountiful, munificent, or generous; to give freely.
The descriptions include giving without being asked, giving what is appropriate to its recipient, and giving without seeking compensation; the object may be property or other possessions, including knowledge.
- Lane · entry 47715
- Mufradāt · row 279
جَادَ بِنَفْسِهِ
To give up one’s life or spirit; to die or surrender one’s life in war.
A figurative extension comparing the surrender of life with giving away property.
- Lane · entry 47715
جَادَ
To pour forth abundantly: rain copiously, or an eye shed abundant tears.
Also used of the sky raining and of land or people being rained upon copiously.
- Lane · entry 47715
جَادَ
Of a horse, to become fleet or swift and excellent in running.
This verbal use describes excellence in a horse’s running.
- Lane · entry 47715
جَادَ إِلَيْهِ
To incline toward someone or something.
A directional construction with إِلَى.
- Lane · entry 47715
جَادَهُ
To overcome someone in liberality, bounty, munificence, or generosity.
The construction compares two people in generosity and indicates superiority in it.
- Lane · entry 47715
جِيدَ
To thirst, especially to suffer vehement thirst; figuratively, to be at the point of death or destruction.
This is a passive or derived construction, with the destructive sense explained figuratively as though destruction had rained upon someone.
- Lane · entry 47715
يُجَادُ إِلَى
To be overcome by longing and impelled toward someone or something.
Used of longing to meet or reach a person, including desire directed toward a woman; the usage is figurative.
- Lane · entry 47715
جَادَهُ النُّعَاسُ
For drowsiness or sleepiness to overcome someone.
A figurative construction explained as though sleep had rained upon the person.
- Lane · entry 47715
جَاوَدَ
To vie or contend with someone for superiority in liberality, bounty, munificence, or generosity.
The construction may imply overcoming the other party in generosity.
- Lane · entry 47717
أَجَادَ
To make something good, sound, approvable, or excellent.
Also used when supplying money or a garment in good or excellent condition.
- Lane · entry 47718
أَجَادَ
To give or furnish something.
The cited construction includes giving a dirham or piece of silver.
- Lane · entry 47718
أَجَادَ
To slay or kill someone.
A distinct lexical use of the Form IV verb.
- Lane · entry 47718
أَجَادَ
To say, express, or do something well or excellently.
Used of speech, action, or work: one may speak well, act well, or perform excellently.
- Lane · entry 47718
أَجَادَ
To have or acquire a horse of the fleet and excellent type called جَوَاد.
This is a horse-possession construction, distinct from describing the horse’s running.
- Lane · entry 47718
أَجَادَ بِالْوَلَدِ
Of a woman, to bear a child or children of liberal or generous disposition; of parents, to beget such a child.
The generosity is a stated quality of the offspring.
- Lane · entry 47718
تَجَوَّدَ
To choose what is good or excellent and cultivate refinement or exactness.
Used of work, manufacture, food, apparel, and the choice of what is best to be done; it may imply exceeding ordinary standards.
- Lane · entry 47719
تَجَاوَدُوا
To compare or contest with one another to determine whose argument, plea, allegation, or discourse is best.
The reciprocal construction concerns superiority in reasoning or narration.
- Lane · entry 47720
تَجَاوَدُوا
To vie or contend together in liberality, bounty, munificence, or generosity.
A reciprocal use of the Form VI verb.
- Lane · entry 47720
اِسْتَجَادَ
To deem or find something good, approvable, or excellent; to seek or select it as such.
May be used of an object, a judgment, or an opinion.
- Lane · entry 47721
اِسْتَجَادَ
To desire, seek, or demand someone’s liberality or generosity.
A construction in which the desired quality is another person’s generosity.
- Lane · entry 47721
اِسْتَجَادَ
To desire or seek that a horse be fleet, swift, and excellent.
A horse-specific construction referring to the quality expressed by جَوَاد.
- Lane · entry 47721
اِسْتَجَادَ
To come or happen well.
An impersonal or event-related use recorded as a distinct Classical usage.
- Lane · entry 47721
جَوْدٌ
Copious or abundant rain; rain that thoroughly irrigates everything.
Used as an epithet of rain or a rain-bearing cloud and also as a quasi-plural for abundant showers.
- Lane · entry 47722
جَوْدَةٌ
A single episode of thirst or thirsting.
A verbal noun of the thirst-related use, distinct from the quality meaning of جَوْدَةٌ.
- Lane · entry 47723
جَادِيٌّ
Saffron.
A lexical item recorded under this root with a specialized nominal meaning.
- Lane · entry 47724
جَوَادٌ
A liberal, bountiful, munificent, or generous person; one who gives freely.
The term can also describe one who gives appropriately and without seeking compensation; it is used for either sex.
- Lane · entry 47725
- Mufradāt · row 279
جَوَادٌ
Like a fleet and excellent horse; hence, in adverbial use, a long or rapid run, journey, or march.
This Classical adverbial use derives from the horse sense and does not constitute a separate Quranic sense.
- Lane · entry 47725
جُوَادٌ
Thirst, especially vehement thirst.
A distinct noun with the thirst-related meaning.
- Lane · entry 47726
جُوَادٌ
Drowsiness or slumber.
A figurative noun related to the notion of being overcome as if by a downpour.
- Lane · entry 47726
جَيِّدٌ
Good, sound, approvable, or excellent.
Applied to things, commodities, household goods, works, and performances; its plural includes جِيَادٌ.
- Lane · entry 47728
أَجْوَدُ
Better or best in goodness or excellence; more or most liberal; of a horse, swifter or more excellent.
A comparative or superlative form whose domain is determined by context.
- Lane · entry 47729
مَجُودٌ
Rained upon, especially by copious or abundant rain; of a field, garden, or land, well watered by rain.
A passive participial use describing land or cultivated ground.
- Lane · entry 47731
مَجُودٌ
Affected by thirst, vehement thirst, or impending death or destruction.
The thirst and destruction senses are figurative extensions.
- Lane · entry 47731
مَجُودٌ
Affected by longing or impelled by desire.
A figurative participial use related to the construction of being driven toward someone or something.
- Lane · entry 47731
مَجُودٌ
Overcome or distressed by drowsiness or slumber.
A figurative participial use.
- Lane · entry 47731
مُجِيدٌ
A man possessing a horse of the fleet and excellent type called جَوَاد.
A horse-possession noun or adjective, not a description of the man’s personal generosity.
- Lane · entry 47732
مُجِيدٌ
Present death.
A figurative expression in which death is characterized as immediately impending.
- Lane · entry 47732
مِجْوَادٌ
One who says, utters, expresses, or does much that is good or excellent.
Applied especially to a poet and also to a workman or craftsman; the form can indicate frequent or abundant production of good speech or work.
- Lane · entry 47733
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The Quranic form is the plural adjective جِيَاد, normalized here under the singular citation form جَوَادٌ; its Quranic sense is kept separate from the Classical generosity and adverbial uses of the same headword.
Unassigned or ambiguous evidence
The Mufradat entry also discusses الجودي as a mountain name described as originally related by nisba to جود. No corresponding QAC form group is supplied, so it is not assigned as a public Quranic form.