Quranic root
جمد
j · m · d
The root centers on the solidification or congealing of something fluid, especially through cold or loss of liquidity.
From this core, the lexicon extends to fixedness and motionlessness, dry or barren conditions, stagnation, lifelessness, withholding, and related figurative and technical uses.
- Maqāyīs · row 1212
- Lane · entry 47286
- Lane · entry 47302
- 1
- Quran-attested forms
- 1
- Quran senses
- 1
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
جَامِدٌ
jāmidun
- Part of speech
- Active participle
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Remaining fixed or motionless; apparently stationary.
In the Quranic construction describing the mountains, it denotes their appearing fixed or motionless even as the passage describes their movement.
- Lane · entry 47302
Selected Quran examples
Quran 27:88word 4
“firmly fixed”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 27:88جَامِدَةًۭfirmly fixed
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 40 Classical meanings
جَمَدَ
To congeal, freeze, or become solid; of a liquid, blood, or similar substance, to lose its fluidity or become dry.
- Lane · entry 47286
جَمَدَ
To become incapable of growth or increase; to become lifeless or dead.
A figurative extension from loss of growth or vitality.
- Lane · entry 47286
جَمَدَ
To become dull, stupid, inert, ineffective, or lacking in strength and endurance.
Figurative usage applied to a person or to performance and capability.
- Lane · entry 47286
جَمَدَ
To become stagnant or unimproving.
Applied to a person's state or condition.
- Lane · entry 47286
جَمَدَ
Of a female animal, to have little milk.
A specialized usage describing reduced milk production.
- Lane · entry 47286
جَمَدَ
Of an eye, to shed few tears.
The expression may allude to hardness of heart.
- Lane · entry 47286
جَمَدَ
To become niggardly, penurious, or withholding; to possess little good.
Also used of a hand or palm that withholds what should be given.
- Lane · entry 47286
جَمَدَ لَهُ
For a right or due to become incumbent or established against someone.
Used in the construction جَمَدَ لِي عَلَيْهِ حَقِّي and related expressions.
- Lane · entry 47286
جَمَدَهُ
To cut something or cut it off.
- Lane · entry 47286
جَمَّدَ
To be on the point of congealing, becoming solid, or freezing.
Describes water or expressed juice approaching solidification.
- Lane · entry 47287
جَمَّدَ
To cause water or another liquid to congeal or become solid.
Causative usage associated with the Form II verb.
- Lane · entry 47287
أَجْمَدَ
To be entrusted with the management of affairs in the game of maysir.
A specialized usage concerning the administration of the game and its participants.
- Lane · entry 47288
أَجْمَدَ
To make a right or due incumbent or established against someone.
A figurative Form IV construction.
- Lane · entry 47288
جَمَدٌ
Congealed or frozen water; ice, and also snow.
- Lane · entry 47291
جُمُدٌ
An elevated, hard, or rugged tract of ground; especially a small isolated hill or mountain, sometimes producing herbs or trees.
A topographical noun distinguished from جُمُودٌ by the type of terrain described.
- Lane · entry 47292
جُمُدٌ
A stone.
- Lane · entry 47292
جَمَادٌ
An inanimate thing without a soul; something incapable of growth or increase.
Used substantively or adjectivally for inorganic things.
- Lane · entry 47293
جَمَادٌ
Dry, sterile, barren, or unproductive land on which rain has not fallen or in which there is no produce.
A figurative extension from the absence of fluidity or growth.
- Lane · entry 47293
جَمَادٌ
A year lacking rain, herbage, pasture, produce, or abundance.
Applied to a year characterized by drought or unfruitfulness.
- Lane · entry 47293
جَمَادٌ
A female camel, ewe, or she-goat having no or little milk.
The passage also reports a gloss meaning slow, but identifies that reading as probably a transcription error for the low-milk sense.
- Lane · entry 47293
جَمَادٌ
A kind of cloth or garment.
- Lane · entry 47293
جَمَادِ
In the imprecation جَمَادِ لَهُ, a wish that a miser remain in a stagnant or unimproving condition.
A fixed expression used reproachfully of a niggard; a contrasting laudatory use is also reported, though its transmitted form is unclear.
- Lane · entry 47294
جُمُودٌ
Elevated tracts softer or more level than جُمُدٌ and intermixed with softer or level ground.
A specialized topographical noun, distinct from the related term for a harder isolated elevation.
- Lane · entry 47297
جُمَادَى
Either of the two Arabian months called Jumādā: Jumādā al-Awwal or Jumādā al-Ākhirah.
The month-name is feminine and determinate; the plural is جُمَادَيَاتٌ.
- Lane · entry 47299
جُمَادِيَّةٌ
Wintry, as in a wintry night.
Used adjectivally in the expression لَيْلَةٌ جُمَادِيَّةٌ.
- Lane · entry 47300
جَمَّادٌ
A sword, especially one that makes a person struck by it motionless; also a sharp, cutting sword.
- Lane · entry 47301
جَامِدٌ
Solid, congealed, or frozen, especially of water or another liquid; also hard, as a piece of marrow.
The physical sense is distinct from the Quranic usage of the related active participle for apparent motionlessness.
- Lane · entry 47302
جَامِدٌ
Inanimate, lifeless, or incapable of growth or increase; a solid or inorganic thing opposed to what is living, growing, or fluid.
It may describe the inanimate portion of property, such as gold, silver, stones, or other solid things, in contrast with livestock, trees, or fluids.
- Lane · entry 47302
جَامِدٌ
In lexicology and grammar, non-derived or non-infinitival; also applied to a verb restricted to one tense and lacking a verbal noun.
A technical term opposed to a derived or fully inflected form.
- Lane · entry 47302
جَامِدٌ
Dull, stupid, inert, ineffective, soft, or lacking vigor, sturdiness, and endurance.
A figurative adjectival usage applied to a person or his capacities.
- Lane · entry 47302
جَامِدُ الحَالِ
Stagnant or unimproving in condition.
Used of a person's state or circumstances.
- Lane · entry 47302
جَامِدَةُ العَيْنِ
Of an eye, shedding no tears or few tears.
Also used in the expression جَامِدُ العَيْنِ for a person whose eye does not readily weep.
- Lane · entry 47302
جَامِدٌ
Niggardly, penurious, or avaricious; withholding what one is obliged to give.
Also used of a person possessing little or no good.
- Lane · entry 47302
جَوَامِدُ
Limits, boundaries, or boundary-marks between lands or dwellings.
Plural usage.
- Lane · entry 47302
مُجْمِدٌ
A person entrusted with managing or administering the arrows and affairs of the game of maysir.
Reported especially of a nonparticipant who shuffles or deals the arrows and may enforce an incurred obligation.
- Lane · entry 47303
مُجْمِدٌ
A person who takes or holds with both hands so that nothing leaves them; one tenacious of what is in his possession.
A reported interpretation of the poetic usage of مُجْمِدٌ.
- Lane · entry 47303
مُجْمِدٌ
A person entering upon the month of Jumādā.
A reported interpretation connected with the month’s traditional association with cold.
- Lane · entry 47303
مُجْمِدٌ
A person whose arrow wins or gains nothing in the game of maysir.
A specialized interpretation of the term in the context of the game.
- Lane · entry 47303
مَجْمَدَةٌ
A place in which ice is kept.
- Lane · entry 47304
مُجَامِدِي
A neighbor whose house or tent adjoins one’s own.
Used in the expression هُوَ مُجَامِدِي.
- Lane · entry 47305
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The sole Quran occurrence is the feminine form جَامِدَةً; the public headword is normalized to the masculine active-participle citation form جَامِدٌ.
The Quranic stationary sense is kept distinct from the broader physical sense of being solid or congealed.
The Lane Quran reference associated with the stationary sense is preserved through its lexical source; the modern example location used here is the independently supplied QAC location 27:88.
The مُجْمِدٌ entry preserves several reported interpretations because the evidence does not reduce them confidently to one meaning.
Unassigned or ambiguous evidence
The transmitted discussion of the contrasting laudatory use associated with جَمَادِ لَهُ in lane:entry:47294 is internally unclear; the clear imprecation meaning is represented, while the exact contrasting form is not normalized.