Quranic root
جنن
j · n · n
The root centers on veiling, concealment, and being hidden from perception.
From concealment develop the meanings of night-darkness, foliage-covered gardens, graves, embryos, protective coverings, unseen beings, and madness understood as reason being covered. Some figurative extensions describe dense vegetation, vigorous states, or collective bodies that conceal individuals.
- Maqāyīs · row 1223
- Mufradāt · row 266
- 8
- Quran-attested forms
- 11
- Quran senses
- 201
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
جَنَّ
janna
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form I
- Form
- I
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To veil, conceal, or cover.
In the Quranic occurrence, the night conceals a person with its darkness.
- Lane · entry 47418
- Mufradāt · row 266
Selected Quran examples
Quran 6:76word 2
“covered”
جَنِين
janīn
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
An embryo or fetus concealed in the womb.
The Quranic form is the plural أَجِنَّة, referring to unborn children in their mothers' wombs.
- Lane · entry 47434
- Mufradāt · row 266
Selected Quran examples
Quran 53:32word 21
“fetuses”
جَانّ
jānn
- Part of speech
- Substantivized active participle
- Quran occurrences
- 7 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
The jinn, especially as a collective or species designation.
Used for the unseen beings associated with the jinn; in the Quran it can refer to the jinn collectively.
- Lane · entry 47425
- Lane · entry 47443
- Mufradāt · row 266
Selected Quran examples
Quran 15:27word 1
“And the jinn”
Quran 55:39word 8
“any jinn”
A serpent, especially a small or white serpent in traditional descriptions.
In Quranic descriptions of Moses' staff, the word denotes a serpent; the lexical explanations vary over the serpent's size and appearance.
- Lane · entry 47443
- Mufradāt · row 266
Selected Quran examples
Quran 27:10word 7
“(were) a snake”
جَنَّة
jannah
- Part of speech
- Noun; proper noun in eschatological use
- Quran occurrences
- 147 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
A garden or orchard, especially one whose trees conceal the ground.
Used of earthly gardens, including cultivated or walled gardens and gardens of palms or other trees; the Quranic plural is جَنَّات.
- Lane · entry 47426
- Mufradāt · row 266
Selected Quran examples
Quran 18:39word 4
“your garden”
Paradise, the abode of recompense.
In eschatological contexts, especially with the definite article, the word denotes the afterlife abode; this usage is associated with the concealing delights of its garden-like setting.
- Lane · entry 47426
- Mufradāt · row 266
Selected Quran examples
Quran 16:32word 9
“Paradise”
جِنّ
jinn
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 22 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
The jinn: unseen spiritual beings distinct from humankind.
A collective noun for beings concealed from human perception; Quranic usage presents the jinn as a community with varied beliefs and conduct. Older lexical discussions differ over the relation of this category to angels and devils.
- Lane · entry 47425
- Mufradāt · row 266
Selected Quran examples
Quran 18:50word 11
“the jinn”
Quran 72:1word 8
“the jinn”
جِنَّة
jinnah
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 10 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
A group or collective body of jinn.
This homograph is distinguished by its vowel pattern from جَنَّة ‘garden’ and جُنَّة ‘protective cover’.
- Mufradāt · row 266
Selected Quran examples
Quran 114:6word 2
“the jinn”
Madness or derangement.
A state in which reason is covered or obstructed; Quranic usage applies it in accusations of madness.
- Mufradāt · row 266
Selected Quran examples
Quran 23:25word 6
“(is) madness”
جُنَّة
junnah
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 2 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
A protective cover, shield, or safeguard.
A thing used to protect or conceal its bearer; in the Quran, oaths are described metaphorically as a protective cover.
- Lane · entry 47427
- Mufradāt · row 266
Selected Quran examples
Quran 58:16word 3
“(as) a cover”
Quran 63:2word 3
“(as) a cover”
مَجْنُون
majnūn
- Part of speech
- Passive participle
- Quran occurrences
- 11 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Mad, insane, or bereft of reason.
A passive-participial description traditionally connected with being possessed or with reason being covered; Quranic usage applies it to persons accused of madness.
- Lane · entry 47450
- Mufradāt · row 266
Selected Quran examples
Quran 44:14word 6
“a mad man”
Quran 81:22word 3
“mad”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 2:25جَنَّـٰتٍۢ(will be) Gardens
- 2:35ٱلْجَنَّةَ(in) Paradise
- 2:82ٱلْجَنَّةِ ۖ(of) Paradise
- 2:111ٱلْجَنَّةَthe Paradise
- 2:214ٱلْجَنَّةَParadise
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 49 Classical meanings
جَنَّ
To conceal or bury something; of a woman, to enclose a child or fetus in the womb.
Includes concealing a dead body, wrapping it in grave-clothing, burying it, or concealing something in one's bosom.
- Lane · entry 47418
جَنَّ
Of an embryo or fetus, to be hidden in the womb.
An intransitive use describing the fetus's concealed state.
- Lane · entry 47418
جَنَّ
Of the night, to become dark.
A classical intransitive use of the night becoming dark or obscure.
- Lane · entry 47418
جُنَّ
To become mad, insane, or bereft of reason.
The verb is associated with possession or with reason being covered; it is distinct as a verbal headword from the participle مَجْنُون.
- Lane · entry 47418
جُنَّ
Of flies, to make a loud or gladsome buzzing.
An explicitly marked figurative use, especially of flies buzzing in a meadow.
- Lane · entry 47418
جُنَّ
Of vegetation or land, to become dense, tall, luxuriant, and blossom or produce abundant herbage.
A figurative development describing tangled or flourishing growth.
- Lane · entry 47418
أَجْنَنَ
To cause someone to become mad or insane.
A causative use corresponding to جُنَّ and مَجْنُون.
- Lane · entry 47420
أَجْنَنَ
To fall into or enter a place containing or abounding in jinn.
A rare lexical use referring to a place inhabited by jinn.
- Lane · entry 47420
تَجَنَّنَ
To feign madness or possession toward someone.
The subject pretends to be mad without actually being so.
- Lane · entry 47421
اِجْتَنَّ
To become concealed, hidden, covered, or protected, or to conceal oneself.
Often construed with عَنْهُ or with بِجُنَّةٍ, ‘by means of a covering’.
- Lane · entry 47423
اِسْتَجْنَنَ
To excite someone to mirth, joy, gladness, or sport.
A lexical use of اِسْتِجْنَانٌ as a synonym of اِسْتِطْرَابٌ.
- Lane · entry 47424
جِنّ
The intense, confused, or dense darkness of night; also night itself.
The noun is used here in a darkness sense, not for the unseen beings.
- Lane · entry 47425
جِنّ
Concealment or absence of concealment.
Occurs in expressions meaning that there is no concealment in a matter.
- Lane · entry 47425
جِنّ
The main body, bulk, or collective assemblage of people.
The meaning is explained by the notion that a person entering the group becomes concealed among them.
- Lane · entry 47425
جِنّ
A thing that veils, conceals, covers, or protects another.
A general concrete extension of the concealment sense.
- Lane · entry 47425
جِنّ
The flowers or blossoms of plants or herbage.
An explicitly marked figurative use.
- Lane · entry 47425
جِنّ
The prime, first freshness, or vigorous beginning of youth or of a state.
A figurative temporal use referring to the fresh or vigorous phase of something.
- Lane · entry 47425
جِنّ
Excessive exultation or an excited, unruly state.
Applied to the madness of exultation and, in a traditional expression, to a she-camel's bad temper after giving birth.
- Lane · entry 47425
جِنّ
Seriousness or earnestness.
A figurative sense explained as an inward quality concealed in the heart and associated with thought or reflection.
- Lane · entry 47425
جُنَّة
A woman's face and head covering with openings for the eyes.
A specialized garment sense distinct from the general protective-cover meaning.
- Lane · entry 47427
جَنَن
A grave.
The grave is so called because it conceals the dead.
- Lane · entry 47429
جَنَن
Grave-clothing used to cover a dead body.
A covering associated with burial.
- Lane · entry 47429
جَنَن
A garment that conceals the body.
A concrete covering sense distinct from the grave and the buried body.
- Lane · entry 47429
جَنَن
A dead body or corpse concealed in a grave.
A derived lexical use describing the concealed deceased body.
- Lane · entry 47429
جَنَان
A garment that conceals or covers a person.
A garment sense of جَنَان, distinct in headword from جَنَن.
- Lane · entry 47431
جَنَان
The surrounding adjuncts, enclosure, or protected precinct of a house.
The meaning is connected with the way these precincts conceal or surround the house.
- Lane · entry 47431
جَنَان
The hidden interior of a thing.
Refers to what is concealed from the eye within an object.
- Lane · entry 47431
جَنَان
The heart; by extension, the inner soul, mind, or spirit.
The heart is named for being concealed in the bosom and for holding memory or inward understanding.
- Lane · entry 47431
جَنَان
A secret and bad action.
The source reports the descriptive wording as partly illegible, but explicitly preserves this lexical use.
- Lane · entry 47431
جُنُون
Madness, insanity, loss or deficiency of reason.
A verbal noun and simple substantive for the state of being mad or possessed.
- Lane · entry 47433
جُنُون
Persistence in evil or pursuit of a headlong, rash course.
A figurative ethical use.
- Lane · entry 47433
جَنِين
Anything veiled, concealed, or hidden, including concealed rancor or malice.
An adjectival or substantive extension beyond the specific fetal sense.
- Lane · entry 47434
جَنِين
Buried or deposited in a grave.
A passive-like use describing what has been concealed by burial.
- Lane · entry 47434
جَنِين
Waters choked or obstructed with earth.
Reported as a plural usage derived from the concealed or covered sense.
- Lane · entry 47434
جَنِين
The vulva.
A rare anatomical sense.
- Lane · entry 47434
جَنِينَة
A rounded woman's garment of the miṭraf type, resembling a ṭaylasān.
A specialized garment term.
- Lane · entry 47436
جِنِّيّ
Of or relating to the jinn.
The feminine form is جِنِّيَّة.
- Lane · entry 47438
جِنِّيّ
The tallness or height of a camel's hump.
A rare specialized sense unrelated to the adjectival use ‘of the jinn’.
- Lane · entry 47438
جِنْجِن
A breastbone or the head or extremity of a rib near the sternum.
A singular term for the chest bones collectively called جَنَاجِن.
- Lane · entry 47440
أَجِنَّكَ
Because you are or because that you are.
A contracted conjunctional expression derived from مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّكَ.
- Lane · entry 47444
تَجْنِين
Strange, uncouth, or difficult-to-understand speech; traditionally, something said by the jinn.
A substantive use of the verbal noun.
- Lane · entry 47445
مِجَنّ
A shield used to conceal or protect its bearer.
An instrument noun; the plural is مَجَانّ.
- Lane · entry 47447
مِجَنّ
To abandon shame and do as one pleases; to become master of one's affair.
An idiom built from turning or reversing one's shield.
- Lane · entry 47447
مِجَنّ
To become hostile after reconciliation.
An idiom meaning literally to turn the outer side of the shield toward someone.
- Lane · entry 47447
مِجَنّ
A woman's sash or ornamental band.
A specialized garment or ornament sense.
- Lane · entry 47447
مَجَنَّة
A place in which one is concealed, covered, or protected.
It may also denote a place where a person conceals or protects himself.
- Lane · entry 47448
مَجَنَّة
A land containing or abounding in jinn.
A place-name-like environmental use based on the presence of jinn.
- Lane · entry 47448
مَجْنُون
Of a palm, plant, or land, tall, luxuriant, tangled, dense, or abundantly grown.
An explicitly marked figurative use of the participle, separate from the human sense ‘mad’.
- Lane · entry 47450
مُتَجَنِّنَة
Of land, covered with abundant herbage extending in every direction.
A rare figurative participial description of luxuriant land.
- Lane · entry 47451
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The homographs جَنَّة, جِنَّة, and جُنَّة have different vowel patterns and distinct meanings.
جَانّ is used in the Quran both for jinn and for a serpent; context determines the sense.
Classical descriptions of the category جِنّ vary concerning its relation to angels and devils.
Lane's Quran references are retained only through securely identified QAC locations; no historical citation notation has been converted into a modern verse location.