Quranic root
عزر
ʿ · z · r
The root has two principal semantic directions: support accompanied by esteem, and striking or restraining.
The support branch extends to strengthening, aiding, and honoring; the striking branch yields disciplinary punishment, understood as restraint from harmful conduct.
- Maqāyīs · row 3194
- Mufradāt · row 971
- 1
- Quran-attested forms
- 2
- Quran senses
- 3
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
عَزَّرَ
ʿazzara
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form II
- Form
- II
- Quran occurrences
- 3 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To support, aid, or strengthen.
In the Quranic occurrences, the object is a person or group receiving support; the support may be understood as warding off harm or opposition.
- Lane · entry 3069
- Mufradāt · row 971
Selected Quran examples
Quran 5:12word 23
“and you assist them”
To honor, revere, or venerate.
A Quranic use expressing reverence toward the person honored, alongside or in a context of giving due respect.
- Lane · entry 3069
- Mufradāt · row 971
Selected Quran examples
Quran 7:157word 34
“and honor him”
Quran 48:9word 4
“and (may) honor him”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 5:12وَعَزَّرْتُمُوهُمْand you assist them
- 7:157وَعَزَّرُوهُand honor him
- 48:9وَتُعَزِّرُوهُand (may) honor him
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 13 Classical meanings
عَزَرَ
To prevent, hinder, withhold, forbid, or turn someone away from a thing.
Form I; also constructed with عَنْ الشيءِ, “from the thing.”
- Lane · entry 3068
عَزَرَ
To tie a cord around a camel’s upper nostrils in order to put medicine into its mouth.
A specialized veterinary construction of Form I.
- Lane · entry 3068
عَزَرَ
To approach sexually or have sexual intercourse.
A distinct Form I usage; the construction does not imply a general restriction on the sex or status of the object.
- Lane · entry 3068
عَزَّرَ
To discipline, chastise, correct, or punish someone so as to turn them away from evil or foul conduct.
Form II; the action is characterized as corrective restraint.
- Lane · entry 3069
عَزَّرَ
To beat or flog; in legal usage, to inflict a discretionary punishment below a fixed legal penalty.
The related verbal nouns عَزْرٌ and تَعْزِيرٌ are used; descriptions of intensity range from moderate beating to vehement beating, while the legal sense is specifically non-fixed punishment.
- Lane · entry 3069
- Mufradāt · row 971
عَزَّرَ
To compel someone to do something and instruct them by preventing a return to contrary conduct; especially, to teach religious obligations and ordinances.
A Form II disciplinary and instructional construction, also associated with تَعْزِيرٌ.
- Lane · entry 3069
عَزَّرَ
To blame, censure, or reprove someone.
A distinct Form II usage, with a corresponding Form I variant also reported.
- Lane · entry 3069
عَزَّرَ
To abase someone or render them abject, vile, despicable, or ignominious.
A reported contrary sense to honoring or venerating.
- Lane · entry 3069
عَزَّرَ
To load an ass.
A specialized Form II usage.
- Lane · entry 3069
عِزْرَائِيلُ
The name of the Angel of Death.
A proper name, retained as a separate lexical item rather than treated as a verbal sense of عَزَّرَ.
- Lane · entry 3070
عُزَيْرٌ
The name of a prophet, Uzayr.
A proper name mentioned in Quran-focused lexical discussion; it is not a Form II verb sense.
- Mufradāt · row 971
عَيْزَارٌ
A species of tree.
A separate nominal lexical item.
- Lane · entry 3071
أَبُو العَيْزَارِ
A surname for a long-necked water bird, identified with the سَبَيْطَر or, in another account, the crane.
A separate bird name and kunya-like expression.
- Lane · entry 3071
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The public Quranic headword is normalized to the Form II perfect citation form عَزَّرَ rather than the inflected QAC lemma display candidate.
The Form I prevention branch and the Form II disciplinary, supporting, and honoring branches are kept distinct; the proper names and plant and bird names are separate lexical items, not additional Quranic verb senses.