Quranic root
حرق
ḥ · r · q
The root primarily centers on friction or rubbing accompanied by heat, burning, and fiery intensity; a separate lexical branch concerns a hip or thigh tendon.
From rubbing and heat arise meanings involving filing, grinding, burning, scorching, vehement activity, and related figurative extensions. The anatomical branch naming the ḥāriqa tendon is treated as distinct.
- Maqāyīs · row 1340
- Mufradāt · row 314
- 3
- Quran-attested forms
- 4
- Quran senses
- 9
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
حَرَّقَ
ḥarraqa
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form II
- Form
- II
- Quran occurrences
- 3 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To burn or scorch something by applying intense heat, including to burn it with fire.
A causative Form II use. The Quranic contexts include commands or declarations to burn an object or person; the action may carry an intensive or repeated nuance in Classical usage.
- Mufradāt · row 314
- Lane · entry 14167
Selected Quran examples
To file, abrade, or grind something down with a tool or by rubbing.
Explicitly reported for the reading or interpretation of لَنُحَرِّقَنَّهُ in 20:97, where the object is reduced with files rather than burned by flame.
- Mufradāt · row 314
Selected Quran examples
Quran 20:97word 23
“Surely we will burn it”
اِحْتَرَقَ
āiḥtaraqa
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form VIII
- Form
- VIII
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To burn or become burned; to be consumed by fire.
An intransitive or quasi-passive Form VIII use describing an object that undergoes burning, as in the Quranic image of a garden becoming burned.
- Mufradāt · row 314
- Lane · entry 14169
Selected Quran examples
Quran 2:266word 28
“then it is burnt”
حَرِيق
ḥarīq
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 5 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Burning fire; the state or punishment of being burned.
In the Quran, it occurs in the construction عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ, denoting punishment by burning or the burning fire.
- Mufradāt · row 314
- Lane · entry 14175
Selected Quran examples
Quran 22:22word 12
“(of) the Burning Fire”
Quran 8:50word 13
“(of) the Blazing Fire”
Quran 85:10word 14
“(of) the Burning Fire”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 2:266فَٱحْتَرَقَتْ ۗthen it is burnt
- 3:181ٱلْحَرِيقِ(of) the Burning Fire
- 8:50ٱلْحَرِيقِ(of) the Blazing Fire
- 20:97لَّنُحَرِّقَنَّهُۥSurely we will burn it
- 21:68حَرِّقُوهُBurn him
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 36 Classical meanings
حَرَقَ
To grind or grate the teeth together, producing a grating sound.
Used of a person expressing anger or rage; it may also describe a camel’s canine tooth, with variant contextual explanations for the animal’s state.
- Lane · entry 14164
- Lane · entry 14182
حَرْق
To eat something completely or to the uttermost.
A specialized verbal-noun usage.
- Lane · entry 14164
حَرُقَ
To be bad-tempered, angry, or evil in disposition.
Describes a person’s disposition rather than the physical act of burning.
- Lane · entry 14164
- Lane · entry 14171
حَرَق
A burn, mark, or hole in cloth caused by heat or forceful beating.
Includes damage produced during beating, washing, or whitening, as well as a hole caused by fire.
- Lane · entry 14164
- Lane · entry 14172
حَرَق
To spring forth or flash vehemently, especially of lightning; a cloud may be described as flashing intensely.
A conventional description of violent or intense lightning.
- Lane · entry 14164
- Lane · entry 14173
حَرِق
To fall off, become scanty, or become unevenly shortened, especially of hair, feathers, or a beard.
Used of hair or feathers falling away piecemeal, and of a beard shorter at the chin than at the sides.
- Lane · entry 14164
- Lane · entry 14173
مَحْرُوق
To have the ḥāriqa tendon or hip structure severed or displaced, resulting in an impaired gait.
The affected person may walk on the toes, stand with the body inclined, or become lame.
- Lane · entry 14164
- Lane · entry 14196
حَرَّقَ
To make a mark or impression on something by fire.
A resultative Form II construction focused on the mark left by fire.
- Lane · entry 14165
حَرَّقَ
To make camels thirsty.
Said of pasture, particularly pasture of the type called ḥamḍ.
- Lane · entry 14165
حَارَقَ
To have sexual intercourse in a side-position.
A conventional Form III construction; the evidence supports the sexual construction without restricting the object’s gender or other class.
- Lane · entry 14166
- Lane · entry 14191
أَحْرَقَ
To cause burning pain, distress, annoyance, hurt, or affliction.
A figurative extension marked as tropical in the source, used of blows, chafing, fever, hunger, anger, or other causes of suffering.
- Lane · entry 14167
أَحْرَقَ
To blame, upbraid, reproach, or detract from someone’s reputation with the tongue.
A figurative Form IV construction involving verbal abuse or denunciation.
- Lane · entry 14167
أَحْرَقَ
To scorch, shrivel, nip, or blast vegetation.
May be attributed to heat, cold, wind, or another harmful agent; both transitive and intransitive formulations are attested.
- Lane · entry 14167
- Lane · entry 14169
- Lane · entry 14182
أَحْرَقَ
To destroy or cause something to perish.
A figurative extension of burning and consuming.
- Lane · entry 14167
أَحْرَقَ
To bring or place fire for someone, or to kindle fire upon something.
Used in a request to provide fire on or upon a specified object.
- Lane · entry 14167
حَرِيقَة
A thick flour-based food or hot-water preparation made by sprinkling flour into water or fresh milk.
A humble food associated with hardship or scarcity; it is also known in the plural as حَرَائِق.
- Lane · entry 14167
- Lane · entry 14185
تَحَرَّقَ
To burn with hunger.
A figurative Form V expression comparable to burning or smoldering with hunger.
- Lane · entry 14168
حُرَاق
Fiery, ardent, or vehement in running, especially of a horse.
May describe a horse that runs much or intensely.
- Lane · entry 14169
- Lane · entry 14178
اِحْتَرَقَ
To become black, said of silver.
A figurative or altered-state use of the intransitive Form VIII.
- Lane · entry 14169
اِحْتَرَقَ
To perish.
An extended intransitive result of burning or destruction.
- Lane · entry 14169
حَرَق
Fire, flame, or burning fire.
A nominal usage that can denote the fire itself or its flame, including fire invoked in idiomatic and traditional expressions.
- Lane · entry 14172
حُرْقَة
A burning sensation or internal heat, including the pain of love, grief, illness, or irritation.
May be felt in the belly, chest, eye, or heart; the figurative uses are marked as tropical in the source.
- Lane · entry 14175
حُرْقَان
Chafing or rubbing of the thighs against one another.
A conventional noun for friction between the thighs.
- Lane · entry 14177
حُرَاق
Extremely salt or caustic water.
The water is described as burning the drinker’s throat or affecting camels’ urine because of its salinity.
- Lane · entry 14178
حُرَاق
Tinder, a burnt rag, or another substance used to catch fire when struck.
Includes remaining burnt cloth and similar fire-catching material.
- Lane · entry 14178
حِرَاق
All-consuming or relentlessly burning, said of fire that spares nothing.
An intensive adjective describing fire’s complete consumption of what it reaches.
- Lane · entry 14179
حِرَاق
A person who spoils, destroys, or consumes everything without sparing anything.
A figurative application of the all-consuming quality of fire.
- Lane · entry 14179
حِرَاق
Vehement throwing, casting, or shooting.
A figurative adjective applied to the intensity of a throw or shot.
- Lane · entry 14179
حَرِيق
A person who has been burned or who falls into fire and burns.
A passive or resultative nominal use distinct from the Quranic noun’s meaning of burning fire.
- Lane · entry 14182
حَرِق
Sharp or cutting as though possessing the quality of burning.
Applied to an iron point or blade of an arrow, spear, sword, or similar implement.
- Lane · entry 14173
حَرِق
Having badly chapped extremities.
An adjectival use reported for a person’s extremities.
- Lane · entry 14173
حَارِقَة
The side of the body.
A nominal anatomical use distinct from the ḥāriqa tendon and the sexual construction.
- Lane · entry 14192
حَارِقَة
A tendon or joint structure in the hip connecting the thigh and hip region.
The term has several closely related anatomical explanations; severance or displacement is said to impair walking or cause lameness.
- Lane · entry 14192
حَرَّاقَة
A fire-throwing ship or a light, fast vessel.
In the specialized historical sense, the ship carried engines for throwing fire at enemies on sea or river.
- Lane · entry 14189
حَرَّاقَة
Places where meat is fried or charcoal is made.
A dialectal plural usage associated with the people of al-Basrah.
- Lane · entry 14189
مَحْرُوق
An iron implement used for roasting meat, a spit.
A specialized interpretation of the word in a poetic context.
- Lane · entry 14196
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The Quranic Form II occurrence in 20:97 has an explicitly reported alternate interpretation in which the object is filed or abraded with files; the supplied contextual English reflects only the burning interpretation.
The root also contains a distinct anatomical branch centered on حَارِقَة and مَحْرُوق, which is not part of the fire-and-rubbing semantic branch.