Quranic root
حزن
ḥ · z · n
The root centers on roughness or hardness, extending from rugged terrain to inner roughness experienced as grief and to the causing or expression of grief.
The physical sense of roughness is presented as the root orientation, with emotional grief understood as a corresponding harshness or roughness of the spirit.
- Maqāyīs · row 1352
- Mufradāt · row 319
- 2
- Quran-attested forms
- 3
- Quran senses
- 42
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
حَزِنَ
ḥazina
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form I
- Form
- I
- Quran occurrences
- 37 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To grieve, be sorrowful, sad, or unhappy.
Intransitive use: the subject experiences grief. In prohibitions such as “do not grieve,” the construction concerns avoiding what produces grief rather than voluntarily generating an emotion.
- Lane · entry 14358
- Mufradāt · row 319
Selected Quran examples
Quran 15:88word 11
“grieve”
To cause someone or something to grieve; to sadden.
Transitive use with a person, event, affair, or other cause as the subject and the one affected as the object. Classical usage records variation in the perfect and imperfect vowel patterns.
- Lane · entry 14358
- Mufradāt · row 319
Selected Quran examples
Quran 10:65word 2
“grieve you”
Quran 12:13word 3
“it surely saddens me”
حُزْنٌ
ḥuznun
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 5 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Grief, sorrow, sadness, or mourning.
A noun for emotional distress arising from an unpleasant event, loss, or comparable cause; the Quran also uses it in the expression of having grief removed.
- Lane · entry 14366
- Mufradāt · row 319
Selected Quran examples
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 2:38يَحْزَنُونَwill grieve
- 2:62يَحْزَنُونَwill grieve
- 2:112يَحْزَنُونَ(will) grieve
- 2:262يَحْزَنُونَwill grieve
- 2:274يَحْزَنُونَwill grieve
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 18 Classical meanings
حَزْنٌ، حُزْنَةٌ
Rugged, hard, or high ground, including rugged mountains.
Applied to terrain; land that is merely good but hard is not necessarily designated by this term.
- Lane · entry 14358
- Lane · entry 14365
- Lane · entry 14372
حَزُنَ
Of an animal, to have a rough, difficult pace or to be difficult to ride.
Applied specifically to the animal’s manner of movement or ease of riding.
- Lane · entry 14358
التَّحْزِينُ
Reciting or reading with a slender, plaintive voice.
A vocal style characterized as plaintive rather than a separate emotional state.
- Lane · entry 14359
أَحْزَنَ
To be in rugged terrain or to put someone on rugged, hard ground.
May describe a place becoming rough for people or causing them to occupy such ground.
- Lane · entry 14360
أَحْزَنَ
To treat people roughly or harshly.
A figurative extension of using roughness with people.
- Lane · entry 14360
تَحَزَّنَ
To express pain, grief, or sorrow; to lament or moan for or on account of someone or something.
An expressive or outward manifestation of grief.
- Lane · entry 14361
حُزْنَةٌ
Difficulties, hardships, or distresses.
A figurative pluralized extension from rugged or difficult terrain.
- Lane · entry 14372
حَزْنِيٌّ
A camel that pastures in rugged terrain.
A lexical adjective associated with grazing in a tract designated حَزْنٌ.
- Lane · entry 14373
حَزْنَانُ
Affected by vehement or intense grief.
An intensified description of a person experiencing grief.
- Lane · entry 14374
حَزُونٌ
Of a sheep or goat, evil in disposition.
Applied to an animal’s bad or difficult temperament.
- Lane · entry 14375
حَزِينٌ
Grieving, mourning, lamenting, sorrowful, sad, or unhappy.
An adjectival description of a person or other subject affected by grief.
- Lane · entry 14376
صَوْتٌ حَزِينٌ
A soft, gentle, slender, plaintive, and melodious voice.
A conventional description of vocal quality.
- Lane · entry 14376
مَالِكُ الحَزِينِ
The name of a certain bird.
A lexicalized bird name.
- Lane · entry 14376
حُزَانَةٌ
One’s family or household, especially viewed as those for whose welfare one suffers grief or anxiety.
The term may also simply mean one’s family or household without requiring an explicit statement of anxiety.
- Lane · entry 14377
حُزَانَةٌ
A customary prior right of Arabs over foreigners concerning houses and lands, or the obligation to lodge and provision passing Arab soldiery.
A historical social and administrative usage associated with Arab settlements and military passage in Khurasan.
- Lane · entry 14377
مُحْزِنٌ
Causing grief or making someone mourn or be sorrowful.
Applied to an event, affair, or case, and also to a voice in the recorded usage.
- Lane · entry 14380
مَحْزُونٌ
Grieved, sorrowful, or made to mourn or be sad.
The supplied lexical description records both an affected state and a causative gloss under this headword.
- Lane · entry 14382
مَحْزُونُ اللِّهْزِمَةِ
Having roughness or a hanging slackness in the lower-jaw area, associated with grief.
An anatomical expression describing the angle or flesh of the lower jaw.
- Lane · entry 14382
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The Form I Quranic group is represented under حَزِنَ, while the lexical evidence records dialectal variation in the perfect and imperfect vowel patterns, especially for the transitive causative use.
حَزَن and حُزْن are retained as Quranic evidence but merged into one public noun entry because the supplied lexical discussion treats them as vocalic variants of grief.
The supplied description of مَحْزُونٌ combines a passive state with a causative gloss; both are retained cautiously rather than forcing a resolution not established by the packet.