Quranic root
حضر
ḥ · ḍ · r
The root centers on bringing something into presence, arriving at it, or witnessing it.
From presence and arrival, the root develops branches for attendance, bringing or presenting, settled residence, gathering at a place or water, and related extensions such as running and contending. Some rare lexical items are explicitly treated as divergent from this central development.
- Maqāyīs · row 1386
- Mufradāt · row 335
- 6
- Quran-attested forms
- 9
- Quran senses
- 25
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
حَضَرَ
ḥaḍara
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form I
- Form
- I
- Quran occurrences
- 7 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To be present, attend, or arrive at a person, place, event, or appointed occurrence.
The Quran uses this for coming into someone's presence or attending an event, and for an occurrence such as death coming upon someone.
- Lane · entry 14803
- Mufradāt · row 335
Selected Quran examples
To be present with or come upon someone, especially in a threatening or afflicting way.
In the Quranic construction يَحْضُرُونِ, the presence of the devils is understood as their coming upon or hovering around the speaker and bringing harm.
- Lane · entry 14803
- Mufradāt · row 335
Selected Quran examples
Quran 23:98word 5
“they be present with me”
أَحْضَرَ
ʾaḥḍara
- Part of speech
- Verb · Form IV
- Form
- IV
- Quran occurrences
- 3 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
To cause a person or thing to be present; to bring or present it before someone.
The Quran applies the causative to bringing persons and to making deeds, qualities, or consequences present before a person or manifest to the perceiving self.
- Lane · entry 14805
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Selected Quran examples
Quran 19:68word 5
“surely, We will bring them”
Quran 81:14word 4
“it has brought”
Quran 4:128word 18
“And are swayed”
حَاضِر
ḥāḍir
- Part of speech
- Active participle
- Quran occurrences
- 2 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Present and observable; at hand before someone.
In the Quran this describes what is made present and available to be seen or encountered, including deeds found before a person.
- Lane · entry 14826
- Mufradāt · row 335
Selected Quran examples
Quran 18:49word 23
“presented”
Present or resident in a place or community.
The merged plural construct form حَاضِرِي denotes people present or settled in the vicinity of the Sacred Mosque.
- Lane · entry 14826
- Mufradāt · row 335
Selected Quran examples
Quran 2:196word 64
“present”
حَاضِرَة
ḥāḍirah
- Part of speech
- Active participle · feminine
- Quran occurrences
- 2 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Present and immediately available, especially conducted on the spot or for cash.
The Quranic commercial construction تِجَارَةً حَاضِرَةً refers to a transaction carried out immediately rather than deferred.
- Mufradāt · row 335
Selected Quran examples
Quran 2:282word 100
“present”
Situated near or by a place or thing.
In the description of the village, حَاضِرَةَ الْبَحْرِ denotes a settlement situated by or near the sea.
- Mufradāt · row 335
Selected Quran examples
Quran 7:163word 6
“situated”
مُحْضَر
muḥḍar
- Part of speech
- Passive participle
- Quran occurrences
- 10 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Brought or presented before someone; made to appear or be present.
The Quran frequently uses the passive participle for persons brought forth or presented, and for deeds made present before their owners.
- Lane · entry 14805
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Selected Quran examples
Quran 3:30word 9
“presented”
Quran 34:38word 9
“(will be) brought”
Quran 30:16word 11
“(will be) brought forth”
مُحْتَضَر
muḥtaḍar
- Part of speech
- Passive participle
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Attended or visited in turn; having its appointed share of attendance.
In the Quranic water-share construction, each share is visited by its designated users in turn, including the she-camel on her day.
- Lane · entry 14832
- Mufradāt · row 335
Selected Quran examples
Quran 54:28word 8
“attended”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 2:133حَضَرَcame to
- 2:180حَضَرَapproaches
- 2:196حَاضِرِىpresent
- 2:282حَاضِرَةًۭpresent
- 3:30مُّحْضَرًۭاpresented
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 43 Classical meanings
حَضَرَ
To be ready, prepared, or at hand; for something to present itself to the mind.
Includes idiomatic uses for readiness, available resources, or a thought occurring to someone.
- Lane · entry 14803
حَضَرَ
To reside, dwell, or settle in a cultivated or built region rather than the open desert.
This is the settled-living branch contrasted with nomadic residence.
- Lane · entry 14803
حَضَرَ
To depart from a watering place.
A specialized figurative use describes withdrawing from a particular water source.
- Lane · entry 14803
حَضَرَ الأَمْرَ بِخَيْرٍ
To form a sound opinion or judgment about an affair.
A conventional figurative construction, not merely attendance at the affair.
- Lane · entry 14803
حَضَرَهُ الهَمُّ
For anxiety or distress to befall someone.
An idiomatic figurative construction with an abstract subject.
- Lane · entry 14803
حَاضَرَ
To witness, see, or behold something with one's eyes.
This Form III usage is distinct from the later conversational and competitive senses.
- Lane · entry 14804
حَاضَرَ
To engage another in ready verbal exchange, debate, dispute, or contention.
Includes giving a ready reply, bandying words, sitting in disputation, and contending for a right or due.
- Lane · entry 14804
حَاضَرَ
To run with another or compete with another in running.
The expression derives the competitive sense from running.
- Lane · entry 14804
أَحْضَرَ
To make something ready or prepare it.
A figurative causative extension of making something present or available.
- Lane · entry 14805
أَحْضَرَ
For a horse or man to run, rise in running, or trot.
This is a specialized athletic use distinct from the causative sense of bringing.
- Lane · entry 14805
اِحْتَضَرَ
To come to a settled, cultivated region or built district.
A Form VIII settlement use contrasted with going into the desert.
- Lane · entry 14807
اِسْتَحْضَرَ
To desire, demand, or request someone's or something's presence.
May imply requiring that a person or thing come or be brought.
- Lane · entry 14808
اِسْتَحْضَرَ
To make a horse run.
A specialized equestrian causative use.
- Lane · entry 14808
حَضْرٌ / حَضِرٌ
An uninvited intruder who watches for and attends another person's feast.
The person is characterized as seeking access to food or hospitality without invitation.
- Lane · entry 14809
- Lane · entry 14813
حَضَرٌ
A settled region, district, or tract of towns, villages, and cultivated land; residence at home.
Contrasted with the desert, nomadic life, or travel.
- Lane · entry 14811
حَضِرٌ
A person unfit for or unwilling to undertake a journey.
The term may characterize a sedentary person by inability or disinclination to travel.
- Lane · entry 14813
حَضْرَةٌ
Presence, or the place or vicinity in which someone or something is present; a house's forecourt or adjoining space.
Used for being in someone's presence, near an abode or water, or in the court or yard associated with it.
- Lane · entry 14815
حَضْرَةٌ
An honorific title for a person who is an object of resort or whose presence is treated with respect.
A conventional title used before a person's name or with a pronoun.
- Lane · entry 14815
حَضْرَةٌ
Building materials such as baked bricks and gypsum plaster.
A specialized material sense used in the context of assembling supplies for construction.
- Lane · entry 14815
حَضَرِيٌّ
An inhabitant of a settled region of towns, villages, or cultivated land.
Opposed to بَدَوِيّ, an inhabitant of the desert.
- Lane · entry 14819
حَضَارِ
A named star associated with Centaurus, noted for its resemblance to Canopus.
A proper astronomical designation and a lexical divergence from the ordinary presence branch.
- Lane · entry 14820
حِضَارٌ
A white camel, or according to some descriptions an excellent, strong-paced, or reddish camel.
The lexicographic reports differ on the exact color and whether the word also denotes a particularly strong she-camel.
- Lane · entry 14821
حَضِيرٌ
A person who habitually forms sound opinions or judgments about affairs.
A derived personal description based on the figurative judgment use of the root.
- Lane · entry 14822
حَاضِرٌ
A great tribe or company of people settled in its place of gathering.
May function as a collective or quasi-plural noun for an assembled people.
- Lane · entry 14826
حَاضِرٌ
A person or people staying or dwelling in settled land or by a permanent water source.
Includes inhabitants who remain by water rather than moving seasonally into the desert.
- Lane · entry 14826
حَاضِرٌ
A time that has arrived or is due.
The expression may describe the arrival of the time of prayer or another appointed time.
- Lane · entry 14826
حَاضِرٌ
Ready or prepared, especially ready with an answer; by extension articulate and intelligent in speech.
A figurative readiness sense, distinct from physical presence.
- Lane · entry 14826
حَاضِرٌ
A visiting angel, or a class or company of visiting angels.
A specialized nominal use for an angelic visitor or visitors.
- Lane · entry 14826
حَاضِرٌ
A place where people are present or dwell, especially a place of settlement by water.
This has the outward form of an active participle but functions as a place noun in this usage.
- Lane · entry 14826
حَضِيرَةٌ
A collective body or company of people, especially people gathered or proceeding together.
The term can describe a group coming to water or assembled for a journey or expedition.
- Lane · entry 14824
- Lane · entry 14825
- Mufradāt · row 335
حَضِيرَةٌ
A place where dates are dried.
A place-name extension connected with frequent human presence and activity.
- Lane · entry 14825
حَضِيرَةٌ
Material collected in a wound or in the fetal membrane, including purulent matter or discharge expelled after childbirth or animal birth.
The specialized anatomical uses include wound matter, fetal membrane or fluid, postpartum discharge, and a she-camel's afterbirth.
- Lane · entry 14825
حُضْرٌ / مِحْضِيرٌ
Running, especially rapid or vehement running; a horse characterized by such running.
The related forms may describe the act of running or a horse that runs much or strongly.
- Lane · entry 14810
- Lane · entry 14831
مَحْضَرٌ
A place where people are present, assembled, or gathered, especially a watering place to which people return.
The term can denote both the assembly-place and the watering place that draws a settled or returning group.
- Lane · entry 14828
مَحْضَرٌ
People present or assembled; an assembly.
A collective use derived from the place or circumstance of presence.
- Lane · entry 14828
مَحْضَرٌ
People dwelling or staying by waters.
A collective or plural use for inhabitants associated with watering places.
- Lane · entry 14828
مَحْضَرٌ
A legal record of a judge's sentence or of a charge and its proceedings, including a witness's signature or endorsement.
A technical documentary sense, with some applications reported as later conventional usage.
- Lane · entry 14828
مَحْضَرٌ
A person who speaks well of someone absent.
Occurs in the idiom حَسَنُ المَحْضَرِ.
- Lane · entry 14828
مَحْضُورٌ
Visited or affected by an unseen presence, or attended by angels.
Examples include milk or privies regarded as visited by jinn and a prayer attended by angels.
- Lane · entry 14830
مَحْضُورٌ
At the point of death or in the agony of death.
The expression may mean visited by death or by the angel or angels of death, and may also mean near death.
- Lane · entry 14830
مُحْتَضَرٌ
A person afflicted by demoniacal possession, insanity, or madness.
A specialized figurative use associated with being overtaken or visited by an alien presence.
- Lane · entry 14832
حَضْرٌ
A deposit of fat in the abdominal region.
A rare anatomical noun reported as a divergent lexical use.
- Mufradāt · row 335
حَضْرٌ
A fortress or fortified settlement.
A rare, explicitly divergent usage preserved in an early poetic citation.
- Mufradāt · row 335
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The Quranic example for the devils-present construction uses the secure QAC location 23:98; an older printed citation in the lexical evidence uses historical numbering and is not converted directly.
The group حَاضِرِي is presented under the singular active-participial citation form حَاضِر because its Quranic occurrence is an inflected masculine plural construct form.
Classical evidence preserves competing descriptions for حِضَارٌ, including disagreement about camel color and related qualities.
Several rare items, including the star, fortress, abdominal fat, and anatomical meanings, are retained as Classical branches rather than treated as ordinary Quranic senses.