Quranic root
حرر
ḥ · r · r
The root develops two principal semantic orientations: freedom from bondage or defect, and heat as the opposite of cold.
The freedom branch extends from being free or unenslaved to purity, excellence, centrality, and dedication; the heat branch extends to thirst, burning, hot wind, and related figurative intensities.
- Maqāyīs · row 1325
- Mufradāt · row 305
- 6
- Quran-attested forms
- 7
- Quran senses
- 15
- Quran occurrences
Forms in the Quran
The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.
حَرِير
ḥarīr
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 3 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Silk; silk cloth or fabric.
Used of the material or clothing associated with silk.
- Lane · entry 13960
- Mufradāt · row 305
Selected Quran examples
Quran 22:23word 22
“(will be of) silk”
Quran 76:12word 5
“and silk”
حَرُور
ḥarūr
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
A hot wind; intense or constant heat.
In the Quranic contrast with shade, the word denotes heat or a hot, burning condition; the lexical evidence also uses it specifically for a hot wind.
- Lane · entry 13958
- Mufradāt · row 305
Selected Quran examples
Quran 35:21word 4
“the heat”
The heat or fire of Hell.
An explicitly reported Quranic interpretation of حَرُور in the contrast between shade and heat; this is distinct from its ordinary sense of hot wind or heat.
- Lane · entry 13958
Selected Quran examples
Quran 35:21word 4
“the heat”
حَرّ
ḥarr
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 3 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Heat, the opposite of cold.
Used of ambient or bodily heat and, in the Quranic occurrences, of oppressive heat associated with weather and exposure.
- Lane · entry 13951
- Mufradāt · row 305
Selected Quran examples
Quran 9:81word 19
“the heat”
Quran 16:81word 16
“(from) the heat”
حُرّ
ḥurr
- Part of speech
- Noun
- Quran occurrences
- 2 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
A free person; a freeman, opposite a slave.
In the Quranic legal construction حُرّ بِحُرّ, the term identifies the free person in contrast with the enslaved person.
- Lane · entry 13952
- Mufradāt · row 305
Selected Quran examples
Quran 2:178word 9
“the freeman”
Quran 2:178word 10
“for the freeman”
مُحَرَّر
muḥarrar
- Part of speech
- Passive participle
- Quran occurrences
- 1 occurrence
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Dedicated or consecrated for worship and religious service; set apart from ordinary worldly use.
In the Quranic dedication formula, the designated person is devoted to religious service rather than ordinary worldly benefit.
- Lane · entry 13945
- Lane · entry 13973
- Mufradāt · row 305
Selected Quran examples
Quran 3:35word 12
“dedicated”
تَحْرِير
taḥrīr
- Part of speech
- Verbal noun
- Quran occurrences
- 5 occurrences
Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.
Freeing or emancipating a person from enslavement.
A verbal noun used in Quranic legal formulas, especially for freeing a slave or a believing neck as an expiation or required act.
- Lane · entry 13945
- Mufradāt · row 305
Selected Quran examples
Quran 4:92word 13
“then freeing”
Quran 5:89word 24
“freeing”
Occurrences in the Quran
Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.
- 2:178ٱلْحُرُّthe freeman
- 2:178بِٱلْحُرِّfor the freeman
- 3:35مُحَرَّرًۭاdedicated
- 4:92فَتَحْرِيرُthen freeing
- 4:92فَتَحْرِيرُthen freeing
Broader Classical Arabic meanings
Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.
Show 46 Classical meanings
حَرَّ
To be or become hot; of a day, food, or fire, to become hot or fierce.
- Lane · entry 13944
حَرَّ
To thirst; for the liver to become dry from thirst or grief.
- Lane · entry 13944
حَرَّ
To become free or to be freeborn.
Used of a person becoming free from slavery or being of free origin.
- Lane · entry 13944
حَرَّ
To heat water or another substance.
- Lane · entry 13944
حَرَّ
To cook حَرِيرَة, a flour-based preparation.
- Lane · entry 13944
حَرَّر
To make writing, characters, or an account accurate, exact, elegant, or free from defects.
A derived Form II use concerning the careful production or correction of writing and reckoning.
- Lane · entry 13945
أَحَرَّ
For camels to become thirsty.
- Lane · entry 13946
أَحَرَّ
To cause a person's liver or bosom to become dry with thirst or grief.
A causative Form IV use; the affected inner part may be described as the liver or bosom.
- Lane · entry 13946
اِسْتَحَرَّ
To become vehement, intense, or extensive, especially of slaughter or death.
A figurative Form X use.
- Lane · entry 13948
اِسْتَحَرَّ
To ask or desire that a woman prepare حَرِيرَة.
An idiomatic Form X construction.
- Lane · entry 13948
حَرّ
A burning of the heart caused by pain, wrath, distress, affliction, or fatigue.
A figurative extension of heat.
- Lane · entry 13951
حَرّ
Difficulty, severity, or hardship of work.
A figurative expression for the difficult or burdensome part of an affair.
- Lane · entry 13951
حُرّ
Generous, noble, ingenuous, or well-born.
A figurative quality applied to persons and, by extension, to animals such as a horse or she-camel.
- Lane · entry 13952
بِلَيْلَةِ حُرَّةٍ
A bride's first night that remains unconsummated.
A conventional idiom for a first marital night in which intercourse does not occur.
- Lane · entry 13952
حُرّ
Generous or bountiful in conduct; of a cloud, abundant in rain.
A figurative use describing conduct or a rain-bearing cloud.
- Lane · entry 13952
حُرّ
Good, excellent, or a good deed or action.
Used evaluatively of conduct, speech, poetry, or other things.
- Lane · entry 13952
حُرّ
Pure, uncontaminated, or good earth, clay, or sand.
Applied to soil or sand lacking an unwanted mixture; it may also imply land fit to produce herbage.
- Lane · entry 13952
حُرّ
The middle or best part of sand, a house, or anything else.
A figurative use for the choice or central portion.
- Lane · entry 13952
حُرّ
Choice herbs or leguminous plants eaten uncooked; also a plant growing in salty ground.
A botanical use with more than one reported application.
- Lane · entry 13952
حُرُّ الوَجْهِ
The exposed or prominent part of the face, especially the cheek; also the tracks of tears.
A conventional anatomical expression.
- Lane · entry 13952
حُرّ
The young of a gazelle, serpent, or pigeon; in one usage, the male pigeon.
An animal name with species-specific applications reported in the lexical evidence.
- Lane · entry 13952
سَاقُ حُرّ
The male of the قَمَارِي dove; the expression is also analyzed as the dove's young or as its warbling call.
A conventional phrase with competing lexical analyses preserved as alternatives.
- Lane · entry 13952
حِرّ
The vulva or pudendum of a woman.
A distinct anatomical noun, with a dialectal variant حِرٌ reported.
- Lane · entry 13953
حَرَّة
A stony tract of black, worn, or rugged stones.
A geographical noun for hard ground covered with dark stones.
- Lane · entry 13954
حُرَّةُ الذِّفْرَى
The protuberance behind the ear where an earring swings.
A conventional anatomical expression, also used as an epithet for a smooth or beautiful protuberance.
- Lane · entry 13955
الحُرَّتَانِ
The two ears.
A figurative or conventional dual expression.
- Lane · entry 13955
الحُرَّة
Chamomile or chamomile flowers.
- Lane · entry 13955
حِرَّة
Heat or burning in the throat.
The burning may intensify into the related condition called حَرْوَة.
- Lane · entry 13956
حِرَّة
Thirst, especially the heat and burning of thirst.
Also occurs in the proverb حِرَّةٌ تَحْتَ قِرَّةٍ, describing concealed hostility or an appearance contrary to what is hidden.
- Lane · entry 13956
حَرِير
Heated or afflicted by wrath, grief, or another distress, with the liver metaphorically burned.
A Classical homonymous use distinct from حَرِير meaning silk.
- Lane · entry 13960
حَرَارَة
A burning effect in the mouth from taste, or in the heart from pain; figuratively, the painful impact of a sword, beating, death, or separation.
A figurative extension of physical heat and burning.
- Lane · entry 13961
حَرِيرَة
A flour-based soup or porridge made with milk, grease, or gravy.
A culinary noun distinct from the silk-related use of حَرِير.
- Lane · entry 13963
الحَرُورِيَّة
The Haruriyya, a sect of the Khawarij; by extension, a person or group holding its schismatic doctrine.
The name derives from Harura, where the group first assembled.
- Lane · entry 13965
حَرِّىّ
A camel that pastures in a stony tract called حَرَّة.
A nisbah-like adjective referring to the camel's grazing ground.
- Lane · entry 13966
حُرِّيَّة
The state or condition of freedom, opposite slavery.
- Lane · entry 13967
حُرِّيَّة
Free persons collectively.
- Lane · entry 13967
حُرِّيَّة
The eminent, noble, choicest, or most excellent people of a community.
A figurative collective use.
- Lane · entry 13967
حُرِّيَّة
Good, soft, sandy earth fit to produce plants or herbage.
A figurative or extended use associated with purity and quality.
- Lane · entry 13967
حَرَّان
Thirsty, especially with the liver dried by intense heat.
An intensive adjective; its feminine is حَرَّى.
- Lane · entry 13968
حَارّ
Hot; specifically, a very hot day or food.
- Lane · entry 13969
حَارّ
Difficult, troublesome, distressing, fatiguing, or severe.
A figurative use, as in the difficult part of an affair.
- Lane · entry 13969
حَارّ
Plump or fat, with the marrow metaphorically hot or full.
Used in the idiom حَارَّ العِظَامِ and related expressions.
- Lane · entry 13969
أَحَرّ
Hotter or hottest.
A comparative or superlative adjective.
- Lane · entry 13970
أَحَرّ
More delicate, refined, or free from defects in beauty.
A figurative comparative use concerning goodliness or beauty.
- Lane · entry 13970
مُحِرّ
A man whose camels are thirsty.
- Lane · entry 13972
مُحَرَّر
Freed from slavery or emancipated.
A Classical passive-participial use distinct from the Quranic dedication sense.
- Lane · entry 13973
Cautions
Points that affect how this root should be read.
The Quranic example for حَرُور uses the independently supplied QAC location 35:21; the Lane discussion preserves an older printed citation convention and is not used to derive the modern location.
The idiom سَاقُ حُرّ has competing Classical analyses, including a dove, its young, or a warbling call; these alternatives are retained together rather than treated as a single certain zoological definition.