Pray for the Truth

Quranic root

قوم

q · w · m

The root centers on two related principles: a gathered body of people, and standing upright or taking something up with resolve.

From standing and undertaking arise meanings of establishing, maintaining, supporting, correcting, remaining firm, and valuing; the people-sense forms a separate root branch.

Maqāyīs · row 3901

22
Quran-attested forms: 25
Quran senses: 660
Quran occurrences

قَامَ

qāma

Part of speech: Verb · Form I
Form: I
Quran occurrences: 33 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
to stand or rise; to become standing, established, or operative
Used literally of rising or standing and figuratively of something coming into effect or being established. In contexts of resolve, it can introduce undertaking or proceeding to an action.
- Lane · entry 21190
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 4:142word 11
“they stand”
Quran 57:25word 9
“that may establish”

أَقَامَ

ʾaqāma

Part of speech: Verb · Form IV
Form: IV
Quran occurrences: 54 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
to set upright, establish, or put into proper order
Applies to a physical object, a path, an affair, a standard, or a proof when it is made upright or put right.
- Lane · entry 21193
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 18:77word 18
“so he set it straight”
2
to maintain and duly perform an ordinance, prayer, or revealed law
In constructions such as establishing prayer or the Torah, the expression includes fulfilling its due requirements and maintaining it in practice, not merely performing an outward act.
- Lane · entry 21193
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 2:43word 1
“And establish”

اِسْتَقَامَ

āistaqāma

Part of speech: Verb · Form X
Form: X
Quran occurrences: 10 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
to become or remain straight, upright, rightly directed, and firm
Used of a person, path, affair, or discourse; with a way or truth, it denotes continuing without deviation in the right course.
- Lane · entry 21196
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 11:112word 1
“So stand firm”
Quran 72:16word 2
“they had remained”

إِقَام

ʾiqām

Part of speech: Verbal noun
Quran occurrences: 2 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
establishing or maintaining
In the Quran, the verbal noun occurs in contexts of establishing and maintaining worship.
- Lane · entry 21193
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 21:73word 9
“and establishment”
Quran 24:37word 10
“and (from) establishing”

إِقَامَة

ʾiqāmah

Part of speech: Verbal noun
Quran occurrences: 1 occurrence

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
settling, staying, or establishing oneself in a place
The Quranic occurrence refers to the stability or settlement provided by dwellings and encampments.
- Mufradāt · row 1221
- Lane · entry 21193
Selected Quran examples
Quran 16:80word 17
“(of) your encampment”

أَقْوَم

ʾaqwam

Part of speech: Adjective
Quran occurrences: 4 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
more upright, sounder, or more suitable
A comparative adjective describing a course, wording, measure, or way as more securely right or straight.
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 17:9word 7
“(is) most straight”
Quran 2:282word 91
“and more upright”

مَقَام

maqām

Part of speech: Noun
Quran occurrences: 14 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
a standing place, station, position, or place of residence
The noun can denote a physical place of standing, a station or position, or a period and place of remaining; context determines the emphasis.
- Lane · entry 21212
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 2:125word 9
“(the) standing place”
Quran 10:71word 13
“my stay”
Quran 17:79word 11
“(to) a station”

مُقَام

muqām

Part of speech: Passive participle
Quran occurrences: 3 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
a place or condition in which one is made to stay; a resting place
The Quranic uses emphasize a place of residence or rest, including the prospect of having no place to remain.
- Mufradāt · row 1221
- Lane · entry 21213
Selected Quran examples
Quran 25:66word 4
“and resting place”
Quran 33:13word 8
“stand”

مُقَامَة

muqāmah

Part of speech: Passive participle
Quran occurrences: 1 occurrence

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
an abode of enduring residence
In دار المقامة, the feminine form denotes the abode in which residence continues permanently.
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 35:35word 4
“(of) Eternity”

مُقِيم

muqīm

Part of speech: Active participle
Quran occurrences: 10 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
remaining, lasting, or enduring
Used adjectivally or substantivally for something that continues without cessation or for one who remains in a place.
- Lane · entry 21214
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 11:39word 10
“lasting”
2
one who establishes or duly maintains an ordinance
In المُقيمين الصلاة and related expressions, the active participle denotes those who maintain prayer by fulfilling its requirements.
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 4:162word 15
“And the ones who establish”

مُسْتَقِيم

mustaqīm

Part of speech: Active participle
Quran occurrences: 37 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
straight, direct, even, or rightly directed
Used literally of a straight or even line and figuratively of a path, way, course, or conduct that does not deviate.
- Lane · entry 21196
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 1:6word 3
“the straight”
Quran 26:182word 3
“[the] even”

قَائِم

qāʾim

Part of speech: Active participle
Quran occurrences: 17 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
standing or upright
The QAC group also contains the verbal-noun-shaped forms قِيَامٌ and قِيَامٍ; these express the same standing condition in the supplied grouping.
- Lane · entry 21190
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 3:18word 11
“standing”
2
maintaining, overseeing, or standing responsible for something
With على or ب, the participle can denote guarding, attending to, or administering a person, affair, or matter of justice.
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 13:33word 3
“(is) a Maintainer”

قَائِمَة

qāʾimah

Part of speech: Active participle
Quran occurrences: 5 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
standing, upright, established, or occurring
The feminine form describes a standing community or object and, in the expression concerning the Hour, an event that will occur or be established.
- Mufradāt · row 1221
- Lane · entry 21190
Selected Quran examples
Quran 3:113word 7
“standing”
Quran 18:36word 4
“will occur”

قَوَام

qawām

Part of speech: Noun
Quran occurrences: 1 occurrence

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
a balanced measure or means of support by which proper order is maintained
In the Quranic description of spending, the word denotes a balanced, neither-extravagant-nor-niggardly measure grounded in sufficiency and support.
- Lane · entry 21203
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 25:67word 11
“moderate”

قَوْم

qawm

Part of speech: Noun
Quran occurrences: 383 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
a people, community, group, or associated body of persons
The older lexical description centers on men, while the Quran commonly uses قوم for an associated people including men and women; context determines the scope.
- Lane · entry 21197
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 10:13word 16
“the people”
Quran 18:86word 13
“a community”

قَوَّام

qawwām

Part of speech: Noun
Quran occurrences: 3 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
one who persistently upholds, manages, protects, or cares for others or a principle
The Quranic uses apply the intensive form to sustained responsibility for people and steadfast commitment to God and justice.
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 4:34word 2
“(are) protectors”
Quran 5:8word 5
“steadfast”

قَيِّم

qayyim

Part of speech: Adjective
Quran occurrences: 5 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
upright, sound, correct, or true
Used of religion and related matters for what is firmly right, properly ordered, and valid.
- Lane · entry 21201
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 18:2word 1
“Straight”
Quran 30:30word 17
“the correct”

قَيِّمَة

qayyimah

Part of speech: Adjective / Noun
Quran occurrences: 2 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
upright, correct, or rightly ordered
Used adjectivally of the revealed writings and substantivally in the expression for the upright or true religion.
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 98:3word 3
“correct”
Quran 98:5word 16
“the correct”

قَيُّوم

qayyūm

Part of speech: Adjective
Quran occurrences: 3 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
the one who sustains, guards, and maintains all existence
A divine epithet combining independent subsistence with sustaining and preserving every created thing and supplying what its existence requires.
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 2:255word 7
“the Sustainer of all that exists”
Quran 20:111word 4
“the Self-Subsisting”

قِيَامَة

qiyāmah

Part of speech: Noun
Quran occurrences: 70 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
the Resurrection, the arising of the dead, and the time of final judgment
The noun presents the coming of the cosmic standing or arising as a named eschatological event.
- Mufradāt · row 1221
- Lane · entry 21190
Selected Quran examples
Quran 2:85word 40
“of [the] Resurrection”
Quran 10:60word 9
“(of) the Judgment”

قِيَم

qiyam

Part of speech: Adjective
Quran occurrences: 1 occurrence

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
upright, sound, or rightly established
In the Quranic reading of ديناً قيماً, the form describes a religion that is firm and corrective of human affairs.
- Mufradāt · row 1221
- Lane · entry 21199
Selected Quran examples
Quran 6:161word 9
“right”

تَقْوِيم

taqwīm

Part of speech: Verbal noun
Quran occurrences: 1 occurrence

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

1
forming, proportioning, or giving sound constitution
The Quranic occurrence concerns the well-proportioned constitution bestowed in creation, especially the human constitution.
- Mufradāt · row 1221
Selected Quran examples
Quran 95:4word 6
“mould”

Occurrences in the Quran

Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.

1:6ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَthe straight
2:3وَيُقِيمُونَand establish
2:20قَامُوا۟ ۚthey stand (still)
2:43وَأَقِيمُوا۟And establish
2:54لِقَوْمِهِۦto his people

View all 660 occurrences

Broader Classical Arabic meanings

Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.

Show 50 Classical meanings

قَامَ
To rise at night for prayer; in a specialized expression, to spend the nights of Ramadan in prayer.
A devotional construction distinct from the simple physical act of rising.
- Lane · entry 21190
قَامَ بِالأَمْرِ
To undertake, manage, supervise, maintain, or care for an affair or dependent person.
Includes taking responsibility for an affair, an orphan, a child, or the maintenance of a woman; the examples do not impose a general object restriction.
- Lane · entry 21190
قَامَ عَلَيْهِ
To rise up against or oppose someone.
An idiomatic prepositional construction.
- Lane · entry 21190
قَامَ بِهِ
To be supported or sustained by something, or to subsist by means of it.
Describes the means by which a person or thing is sustained.
- Lane · entry 21190
قَامَ عَلَيْهِ
To cost someone a specified amount or burden.
A transitive idiom concerning expense.
- Lane · entry 21190
قَامَ فِي نَفْسِهِ
To become established in someone's mind.
An idiomatic use equivalent to something becoming settled or fixed in thought.
- Lane · entry 21190
قَامَ يَفْعَلُ
To begin or set about doing something.
The imperfect verb following قَامَ gives the construction its inchoative sense.
- Lane · entry 21190
قَامَتِ الشَّمْسُ
For the sun to become high, especially at midday.
A time-of-day expression.
- Lane · entry 21190
قَامَ المَاءُ
For water to congeal or freeze.
A rare, explicitly marked figurative or assumed extension.
- Lane · entry 21190
قَامَ بِعُذْرِي
To undertake an excuse on someone's behalf, so that it serves to excuse him.
An idiomatic construction in which something undertaken for a person functions as his excuse.
- Lane · entry 21190
قَوَّمَ
To straighten, even, correct, or put something into right condition.
Applies to a crooked thing or anything requiring correction.
- Lane · entry 21191
قَوَّمَ
To value, rate, estimate, or assign the price of something.
Includes assessing worth and setting a price.
- Lane · entry 21191
قَوَّمَ
To make a writing, account, or reckoning accurate and exact.
A specialized corrective use applied to records and calculations.
- Lane · entry 21191
قَاوَمَ
To rise against, withstand, oppose, or contend with an adversary.
May describe opposition in contention or war.
- Lane · entry 21192
قَاوَمَ
To be equal or equivalent to something, or to contend for equality.
The reciprocal Form III construction focuses on equivalence or matched opposition.
- Lane · entry 21192
قَاوَمَ فِي حَاجَةٍ
To stand with someone or assist them in accomplishing a needful affair.
A construction of cooperation rather than opposition.
- Lane · entry 21192
يُقَاوِمُ السُّمُومَ
To counteract or neutralize poisons.
A technical use attested in the supplied lexical evidence.
- Lane · entry 21192
أَقَامَ
To sustain or support someone, as food sustains a person.
A causative support use distinct from establishing an object upright.
- Lane · entry 21193
أَقَامَ عَلَى خَطَرٍ
To stand to a bet, wager, or stake.
A fixed construction concerning participation in a wager.
- Lane · entry 21193
أَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ الحَدَّ
To inflict the legally specified punishment called حدّ.
A technical legal construction.
- Lane · entry 21193
إِقَامَة
The prescribed call announcing that the prayer is about to begin.
A technical religious noun for the formula recited after the call to prayer, including قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ.
- Lane · entry 21193
- Lane · entry 21211
أَقَامَ
To remain, stay, reside, dwell, or abide in a place.
The intransitive Form IV residence use is distinct from causing something to stand.
- Lane · entry 21193
أَقَامَ فِعْلًا
To perform or carry out an action.
A general transitive use of Form IV.
- Lane · entry 21193
أَقَامَ بِهِ
To stand in someone's stead or place.
An idiomatic substitution construction.
- Lane · entry 21193
أَقَامَ البَيِّنَةَ
To establish evidence, proof, or an argument.
A legal and argumentative construction.
- Lane · entry 21193
أَقَامَ عَلَى أَمْرٍ
To continue, remain, wait, or stay intent upon an affair or condition.
The construction combines continuance with sustained occupation or attention.
- Lane · entry 21193
تَقَوَّمَ
To subsist or hold together.
An intransitive Form V development from support and stability.
- Lane · entry 21194
تَقَوَّمَ
To have a price or be valued.
Used of something whose worth can be assessed.
- Lane · entry 21194
تَقَاوَمُوا
To value or estimate something among themselves.
A reciprocal construction for collective assessment of price.
- Lane · entry 21195
قَامَة
A person's stature, height, or well-proportioned bodily form.
A nominal branch referring to bodily height and symmetry.
- Lane · entry 21198
قَامَة
A man-shaped post or structure supporting a pulley and its apparatus.
A technical object noun, also used for the pulley assembly.
- Lane · entry 21198
قَوَام
Good stature, tallness, or symmetry of bodily proportion.
A nominal branch distinct from قِوَام meaning support.
- Lane · entry 21203
قِوَام
The support, mainstay, subsistence, or sustaining means of a thing or affair.
Includes the food or material support by which someone subsists and the power by which one can withstand another.
- Lane · entry 21203
- Lane · entry 21204
قِيَام
A purging or flux of the belly.
A rare medical usage unrelated to the ordinary standing sense.
- Lane · entry 21205
قَيِّم
A manager, conductor, regulator, superintendent, or tender of an affair or property.
The term may describe administration of an affair, the affairs of a people, or the care of animals.
- Lane · entry 21201
قِيمَة
The real value, worth, or equivalent of a thing.
Lexically distinguished from a price in the narrower commercial sense.
- Lane · entry 21202
القُوَّم
The right or cardinal winds.
A specialized plural expression for winds coming from the principal directions.
- Lane · entry 21200
قَوَّام
One who rises frequently at night to pray.
A devotional intensive noun distinct from the Quranic sense of persistent upholding or stewardship.
- Lane · entry 21208
قَائِم
Appearing or conspicuous, as though standing before the observer.
Can describe an object whether physically standing or lying down.
- Lane · entry 21210
قَائِمَة
A leg or supporting upright of an animal, table, throne, or movable seat.
Includes the plural قَوَائِم for legs and supports.
- Lane · entry 21210
عَيْنٌ قَائِمَة
An eye that has become white and blind while remaining intact.
A technical anatomical expression.
- Lane · entry 21210
قَائِم
The hilt of a sword.
A concrete nominal usage.
- Lane · entry 21210
قَوَمَة
The servants of a fire temple.
A specialized plural noun preserved under the supplied lexical entry.
- Lane · entry 21210
القَوَائِم
Winds.
A poetic or specialized plural use.
- Lane · entry 21210
قَطٌّ قَائِم
A technical kind of nibbing in which the pith and exterior of a reed are equal in length.
A specialized craft term contrasted with مُصَوَّب.
- Lane · entry 21210
مَاءٌ قَائِم
Frozen or stagnant water.
A specialized description of water that is motionless or congealed.
- Lane · entry 21210
مَقَامَة
A standing-place or assembly, and by extension the persons assembled or a discourse delivered there.
The later senses are explicitly presented as developments from the place of assembly and include a speech, exhortation, or literary session.
- Lane · entry 21215
مُتَقَوِّم
A precious stone.
A rare lexicalized adjective-noun expression.
- Lane · entry 21216
المُسْتَقِيم
The rectum.
A technical anatomical expression, not the ordinary adjective meaning straight.
- Lane · entry 21217
تَقْوِيمَات
Stellar calculations or astronomical reckonings.
A specialized plural technical noun.
- Lane · entry 21218

Cautions

Points that affect how this root should be read.

The QAC قَائِم grouping includes the forms قِيَامٌ and قِيَامٍ as active-participle-derived material; they are retained under that public form because the supplied QAC grouping assigns them there.
قَوْم is lexically associated especially with men in part of the Classical evidence, but the Quranic usage commonly includes an entire associated people, including women.
The Quranic sense of قِيَم in ديناً قيماً reflects the supplied lexical discussion of an upright, corrective religion; it should not be conflated mechanically with every occurrence of قَيِّم.