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Pray for the Truth

Quranic root

صدق

ṣ · d · q

The root centers on strength, firmness, and correspondence with reality, especially in speech and conduct.

The underlying image is of something firm or sound. From this develop truthfulness, confirmation, faithful fulfillment, sound or honorable quality, charity as a sincere act, and related meanings of friendship and dowry as an obligatory due.

  • Maqāyīs · row 2774
14
Quran-attested forms
20
Quran senses
155
Quran occurrences

Forms in the Quran

The forms this root actually takes in the Quran. Select one to jump to its senses and examples.

صَدَقَ

ṣadaqa

Part of speech
Verb · Form I
Form
I
Quran occurrences
15 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. To speak, report, or state truthfully; to be true or correct in what is said, promised, or believed.

    May be intransitive or take a person, report, promise, or other information as its object. The truth may concern speech, a promise, or the correctness of an opinion.

    • Lane · entry 25616
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 3:95word 2

    “(has) spoken the truth”

  2. To prove true or fulfill what was promised or undertaken, especially by faithful action.

    Used of fulfilling a covenant, promise, or divinely given assurance, and of conduct that realizes what has been professed.

    • Lane · entry 25616
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 33:23word 4

    “(who) have been true”

صَدَّقَ

ṣaddaqa

Part of speech
Verb · Form II
Form
II
Quran occurrences
10 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. To declare someone or something truthful; to accept, admit, or believe a report or claim as true.

    May take a person, statement, report, or proposition as its object, with the sense of holding it or its speaker to be truthful.

    • Lane · entry 25617
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 28:34word 10

    “who will confirm me”

  2. To confirm, verify, or establish the truth of something, including by corresponding action.

    Used of confirming a report, prior revelation, opinion, or promise, and of proving truth through conduct or fulfillment.

    • Lane · entry 25617
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 39:33word 4

    “and believed”

    Quran 37:105word 2

    “you have fulfilled”

  3. To give charity or alms.

    A Quranic usage explicitly discussed for صَدَّقَ, distinct from the ordinary Form II senses of accepting or confirming truth.

    • Lane · entry 25617
    • Lane · entry 25620
    • Mufradāt · row 823

تَصَدَّقَ

taṣaddaqa

Part of speech
Verb · Form V
Form
V
Quran occurrences
6 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. To give charity or alms.

    Used of giving property or another benefit as ṣadaqah, including a request to confer such a gift.

    • Lane · entry 25620
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 12:88word 16

    “and be charitable”

  2. To relinquish a due, claim, retaliation, or other right as a charitable remission.

    The object may be a right or financial obligation that its holder forgoes; the act is treated as charity.

    • Lane · entry 25620
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 5:45word 18

    “gives charity”

    Quran 2:280word 9

    “you remit as charity”

أَصْدَق

ʾaṣdaq

Part of speech
Comparative adjective
Quran occurrences
2 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Truer or more truthful.

    A comparative adjective used to compare the truthfulness or veracity of persons, statements, or claims.

    • Lane · entry 25640
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 4:87word 14

    “(is) more truthful”

    Quran 4:122word 18

    “(is) truer”

صَادِق

ṣādiq

Part of speech
Active participle
Quran occurrences
60 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Truthful, veracious, or true in speech and assertion.

    Used adjectivally or substantively of people and of what is said or claimed; inflectional gender and number do not create separate lexical senses.

    • Lane · entry 25636
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 9:119word 8

    “those who are truthful”

    Quran 33:35word 9

    “and the truthful women”

صَدَقَة

ṣadaqah

Part of speech
Noun
Quran occurrences
13 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. A charitable gift or alms given for God's sake; charity.

    Primarily denotes voluntary giving, but may also designate obligatory alms when given as an act of faithful obedience; its plural is صَدَقَات.

    • Lane · entry 25626
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 2:263word 6

    “a charity”

    Quran 9:60word 2

    “the charities”

صَدِيق

ṣadīq

Part of speech
Noun
Quran occurrences
2 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. A friend, especially a true or sincere friend.

    Can refer to one friend or, by usage, to more than one person; the Quranic occurrences use the ordinary friendship sense.

    • Lane · entry 25632
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 24:61word 49

    “your friend”

    Quran 26:101word 2

    “a friend”

صَدَاق

ṣadāq

Part of speech
Noun
Quran occurrences
1 occurrence

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. The dowry or nuptial gift given to a bride.

    The Quranic plural form صَدُقَات is a variant of the noun صَدَاق and denotes the bridal gifts owed to women.

    • Lane · entry 25629
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 4:4word 3

    “their dower”

صِدْق

ṣidq

Part of speech
Noun
Quran occurrences
14 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Truth, veracity, or truthful integrity: agreement among what is said, what is believed, and what is real.

    May extend from truthful speech to truth realized in conduct, fidelity, and fulfillment.

    • Lane · entry 25623
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 39:32word 8

    “the truth”

  2. Sound, good, honorable, or worthy quality.

    Especially used in qualifying constructions to denote a favorable or excellent place, position, mention, entry, or exit, rather than merely truth in a statement.

    • Lane · entry 25623
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 17:80word 5

    “sound”

    Quran 26:84word 4

    “(of) honor”

صِدِّيق

ṣiddīq

Part of speech
Adjective / noun
Quran occurrences
5 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. One exceptionally or habitually truthful; one who consistently affirms truth and realizes it in action.

    An intensive personal designation, stronger than ordinary صَادِق; it may include truth in speech, belief, confirmation, and conduct.

    • Lane · entry 25635
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 19:41word 7

    “a man of truth”

    Quran 57:19word 7

    “(are) the truthful”

صِدِّيقَة

ṣiddīqah

Part of speech
Adjective / noun
Quran occurrences
1 occurrence

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. A woman exceptionally or habitually truthful, affirming truth, and embodying it in conduct.

    The feminine counterpart of صِدِّيق, used as an intensive personal designation.

    • Lane · entry 25635
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 5:75word 13

    “(was) truthful”

مُصَدِّق

muṣaddiq

Part of speech
Active participle · Form II
Quran occurrences
19 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Accepting, admitting, or holding a person, report, or claim to be true.

    An active participle of Form II; the object may be a speaker or what has been said.

    • Lane · entry 25617
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 37:52word 4

    “those who believe”

  2. Confirming or verifying the truth of something, especially by correspondence with or attestation of an earlier message.

    Frequently used of a later scripture or message confirming what preceded it; it may also describe proof or action that establishes truth.

    • Lane · entry 25617
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 2:101word 7

    “confirming”

مُتَصَدِّق

mutaṣaddiq

Part of speech
Active participle · Form V
Quran occurrences
5 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. One who gives charity or alms.

    The assimilated Quranic spellings مُصَّدِّق and its inflected forms are pronunciation variants of مُتَصَدِّق, not the Form II confirmer مُصَدِّق.

    • Lane · entry 25648
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 12:88word 21

    “the charitable”

    Quran 57:18word 2

    “the men who give charity”

تَصْدِيق

taṣdīq

Part of speech
Verbal noun
Quran occurrences
2 occurrences

Selected examples are shown with the sense they illustrate — chosen to teach that sense, not the complete list of this form’s Quran occurrences.

  1. Confirmation, verification, or the establishing of truth.

    The verbal noun of Form II, including confirmation of a prior message or realization of a claim in fact.

    • Lane · entry 25617
    • Mufradāt · row 823
    Selected Quran examples

    Quran 10:37word 11

    “(it is) a confirmation”

    Quran 12:111word 13

    “a confirmation”

Occurrences in the Quran

Every place this root appears, in Quran order. The first few are shown here.

  • 2:23صَـٰدِقِينَtruthful
  • 2:31صَـٰدِقِينَtruthful
  • 2:41مُصَدِّقًۭاconfirming
  • 2:89مُصَدِّقٌۭconfirming
  • 2:91مُصَدِّقًۭاconfirming
View all 155 occurrences

Broader Classical Arabic meanings

Recorded for this root in the Classical lexicons beyond its Quran usage. These are secondary to the Quran senses above.

Show 23 Classical meanings

  • صَدَقَ

    To render advice or brotherly affection sincerely, and to act with genuine earnestness toward another.

    A transitive construction with advice, counsel, or affection; this is a broader Classical usage distinct from simply stating a true report.

    • Lane · entry 25616

  • صَدَقَ

    To shine clearly, of the dawn.

    An idiomatic intransitive use.

    • Lane · entry 25616

  • صَدَقَتْهُ نَفْسُهُ

    For one's own soul to tell one the truth by restraining or holding one back from an undertaking.

    A fixed idiomatic expression describing an inner realization of inability or unsuitability.

    • Lane · entry 25616

  • صَدَّقَ

    Of a wild animal, to run straight on without looking aside when charged or attacked.

    A specialized, figurative Classical usage.

    • Lane · entry 25617

  • صَدَّقَ

    To exact or collect the poor-rate from people or their livestock.

    A specialized administrative or fiscal usage, distinct from accepting or confirming truth.

    • Lane · entry 25617

  • صَادَقَ

    To associate with someone as a friend or as a true, sincere friend.

    A reciprocal or relational verb of forming friendship.

    • Lane · entry 25618

  • أَصْدَقَ

    To name, assign, give, or make payable a dowry; to marry a woman with a specified nuptial gift.

    Takes the woman and/or the dowry as objects in the relevant constructions.

    • Lane · entry 25619

  • مُتَصَدِّق

    One who asks or begs for charity.

    A disputed Classical usage: some authorities report it, while other grammarians reject calling a beggar مُتَصَدِّق and restrict the word to the giver.

    • Lane · entry 25620
    • Lane · entry 25648

  • تَصَادَقَ

    To act as sincere friends toward one another, or to be mutually truthful and sincere in speech and affection.

    A reciprocal construction, contrasted with mutual falsehood or insincerity.

    • Lane · entry 25621

  • صَدْق

    Hard, straight, firm, or complete and excellent; by extension, a person or thing possessing commendable strength or quality.

    Applied especially to a spear, sword, person, or other praised thing; related expressions describe steadfastness or earnestness in encounter and look.

    • Lane · entry 25622

  • صَدُوق

    Very or eminently truthful and veracious.

    An intensive adjective for a high degree of habitual truthfulness.

    • Lane · entry 25631

  • صَدَاقَة

    Friendship, affection, or sincere firmness of heart in love.

    An exclusively human relational quality in the cited lexical discussion.

    • Lane · entry 25633

  • صَادِق

    Earnest or genuine, especially of a charge or assault made without a false show of bravery.

    A specialized expression for a serious, committed attack.

    • Lane · entry 25636

  • صَادِق

    Intensely or genuinely sweet, of dates.

    A fixed descriptive expression.

    • Lane · entry 25636

  • صَادِق

    Vehement or intense, of cold.

    A specialized adjective used with cold weather or sensation.

    • Lane · entry 25636

  • الصَّيْدَق

    A star, identified variously as a small star near the stars of Ursa Major or as the pole-star; it is also reported as an epithet meaning trusted, and by some as meaning king.

    The star identification is lexically disputed in the cited material, as are the additional epithet senses.

    • Lane · entry 25637

  • صَادِقَة

    In the idiom فِي غِبِّ صَادِقَةٍ, after the matter has become manifest or clear.

    A fixed idiomatic expression, not the ordinary personal adjective.

    • Lane · entry 25638

  • مَصْدَق

    Earnestness or courage in a charge; of a horse, vigorous and excellent running; and of an opinion, truth or sincerity.

    Used in expressions describing a courageous man, a fleet horse, or an opinion that proves true.

    • Lane · entry 25641

  • مَصْدَق

    Hardness, or the edge of a sword.

    Specialized nominal usages reported separately from the expressions of earnest performance.

    • Lane · entry 25641

  • مُصَدَّق

    A person from whom the poor-rate of livestock is exacted.

    A passive-participial fiscal designation, distinct from مُصَدِّق, the collector.

    • Lane · entry 25643

  • مُصَدِّق

    The collector or exactor of the alms-dues or poor-rate owed on livestock.

    A specialized administrative noun for the person collecting the due from cattle, sheep, goats, or camels.

    • Lane · entry 25644

  • مِصْدَاق

    Something that confirms or proves the truth of another thing; evidence or a manifestation of a person's truthfulness.

    Used of a confirming fact, proof, or outward evidence.

    • Lane · entry 25646

  • مَصْدُوقَة

    Earnestness attributable to a charge or assault.

    Occurs in a fixed expression contrasting a genuine charge with a merely feigned one.

    • Lane · entry 25647

Cautions

Points that affect how this root should be read.

  • The Quranic spellings مُصَّدِّق and related forms in the charity contexts are assimilated pronunciations of مُتَصَدِّق; they are not the confirmer مُصَدِّق.

  • The begging sense of مُتَصَدِّق is disputed in the Classical evidence and is not used for the Quranic form.

  • Some Lane Quran citations occur in historical or variant-reading discussions without an independently secure QAC location for that particular reading; they are represented lexically without inventing modern verse locations.